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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 黄土高原坡耕地土壤物理结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的影响 水土保持学报 2022,36 (1) 45-49
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of Soil Physical Crust on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Sloping Farmland of the Loess Plateau Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2022,36 (1) 45-49

黄土高原坡耕地土壤物理结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的影响

作  者：
马金龙;许欢欢;王兵;张宝琦;淡彩虹
单  位：
西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;黄河水土保持西峰治理监督局;中国科学院大学
关键词：
土壤侵蚀;物理结皮;产流产沙;累计径流量;累计泥沙量
摘  要：
探究黄土高原坡耕地土壤物理结皮对坡面产流产沙的影响和作用机理,为黄土高原坡耕地水土流失防治提供科学依据。通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,研究坡耕地沉积结皮和翻耕以后形成的击溅结皮对坡面产流产沙过程的影响。根据研究区坡耕地结皮形成的特点,试验共设计5个处理,分别为裸地、沉积结皮、沉积结皮破坏、翻耕和翻耕击溅结皮,每个处理对应2个重复,以安塞黄绵土25°坡面为例,设置雨强为120 mm/h,降雨历时为1 h。结果表明:(1)坡耕地沉积结皮促进坡面产流、抑制坡面产沙,打破结皮后,总产沙量是原来的19.28倍。(2)经过翻耕的坡耕地,总产流量较原来减少了19.91%,但总产沙量增加了14.67%;此外,翻耕地形成击溅结皮以后,总产流产沙量分别是原来的4.08,9.98倍。(3)累计泥沙量随累计径流量的增加呈幂函数增加,根据坡耕地表土结皮的覆盖情况,可将增加过程分为凸增(结皮覆盖)和凹增(无结皮覆盖)。综上所述,坡耕地下田埂或草带处,泥沙沉积脱干而形成的沉积结皮,应积极保护;经过翻耕的坡耕地,由降雨所致而形成的击溅结皮,应及时打破。
译  名：
Effect of Soil Physical Crust on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Sloping Farmland of the Loess Plateau
作  者：
MA Jinlong;XU Huanhuan;WANG Bing;ZHANG Baoqi;DAN Caihong;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Agriculture on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Supervision Bureau of Soil and Water Conservotion Xifeng Governance;
关键词：
soil erosion;;physical crust;;runoff and sediment yield;;cumulative runoff;;cumulative sediment
摘  要：
To explore the effect and mechanism of soil physical crust on runoff and sediment yield on the Loess Plateau sloping farmland, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of soil and water loss on sloping farmland in the Loess Plateau, indoor artificial rainfall simulation experiment was conducted to study the influence of deposition crust on slope farmland and splashing crust formed after ploughing on the production process of runoff and sediment on slope. According to the crust formation characteristics of sloping farmland in the study area, five treatments were designed in the experiment, including bare land, deposition crust, deposition crust destruction, tillage and tillage splashing crust, and each treatment corresponded to two replicates. Taking the 25° slope of Ansai loessial soil as an example, the rainfall intensity was set to 120 mm/h and the rainfall duration was set to 1 h. The results showed that:(1) The deposition crust of sloping farmland promoted slope runoff and inhibited slope sediment yield. After breaking the crust, the total sediment yield was 19.28 times that of the original.(2) After ploughing, the total runoff decreased by 19.91%, but the total sediment yield increased by 14.67%. In addition, after ploughing the cultivated land and forming splashing crust, the total sediment yield was 4.08 times and 9.98 times that of the original, respectively.(3) The cumulative sediment amount increased as power function with the increasing of cumulative runoff. According to the coverage of topsoil crust on sloping farmland, the increase process could be divided into convex increase(crust coverage) and concave increase(no crust coverage). In summary, the deposition crust formed by sediment deposition drying at the ridge or grass belt under sloping farmland should be actively protected. The splashing crust formed by rainfall in the ploughed sloping land should be broken in time.

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