摘 要：
巴西农民过去一向不食用也不种植大豆,因此,巴西的大豆生产,从种子到耕作栽培方法完全是从美国南部引入的。据文献记载,1882年BAHIA州的Datra首先于一刊物上记述了大豆,1892年于圣保罗州及1901年于南里约格兰德州又记述了大豆的资料。直至本世纪四十年代,大豆才于南部地区的南里约格兰德试种,并逐渐开始小批量
译 名：
SOYBEAN PRODUCTION AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN BRAZIL
作 者：
Wang Jinling Cheng Renshun(Chinese Delegation of Science to Brazil)
摘 要：
Soybean production in Brazil has developed rapidly since 1970 to meet the urgent need of the world soybean market. On 1983 the estimated amount of production of soybeans in Brazil was 14-15 million tons - and was only secondary to U. S. Generally, 25% of soybeans produced . in Brazil is exported, 70% is crushed for oil and meal in domestic mills; 75% of tke refined oil is delivered to domestic market and the rest 25% is for exportation. For soybean meal produced, 70% is for exportation and 30% for domestic consumption. Soybean meal is mainly used for feed.The four southern states of this country occupy 84.5% of the total amount of soybean production, while the states MATO GROSSO DO SUL, MATO GROSSO and south MARANHAO are the new develoloping regions with great potential on soybean production.Although in Brazil the annual rainfall is around 1,000-2,000 m m and frost-free season is long, yet the distinct differentiation of dry and monsoon season and the plenty of arable land cause that there is only one soybean crop each year in most places in Brazil. A small portion of soybeans in the south are grown after winter wheat for double cropping. The main procedures for growing soybeans in the south are as follows: application of 2 tons of lime per hectare,plowing with mouldboard plough, disk harrowing, planting with planter with row distance 50-60cm, and rate of seeding about 25-30 seeds per metre, and depth of seeding 4-8 cm. Herbicide and fertilizers are applied simultaneously with planting, and fertilizers are applied below the seeds. One or two times of cultivation is practiced during soybea seedling stage, and combine is used for harvesting. The average yield per hectare is around 1,755-1,830 kg in 1983, but percentage of mouldy seeds of this year is as high as 30%.Bacterial pustule,frogeye leaf spot, root-kont nematode, purple seed stain are the epidemic soybean diseases in Brazil. Soybean mosaic virus and soybean anthrocnose occur in Brazil but not in wide prevalence. Green stink bug and caterpillar are the major insect pests in Brazil.In Brazil, now there are 70 soybean cultivars released in the area from the equator to the extreme southern state RIO GRANDE DO SUL. The charcteristics of Brazilian soybean cultivars are: typical short-day habit, mostly determinate growth habit, 13-15 g per 100 seeds, deep hilum color, and with oil content around 18-19%. Since the input for soybean production is quite high in Brazil, therefore Brazilian soybean procuction can only be greatly extended if the world market price is high enogh to make soybean growing profitable.The cooperation on soybean scientific research between China and Brazil is considered to be very promising.
