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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 桉树冰雪灾害特点及安全发展对策 桉树科技 2009,26 (1) 40-47
Position: Home > Articles > Eucalypt Ice-snow Damage Pattern and Countermeasures for Safe Development Eucalypt Science & Technology 2009,26 (1) 40-47

桉树冰雪灾害特点及安全发展对策

作  者：
罗建中;陈少雄;谢耀坚;曹加光;吴志华
单  位：
国家林业局桉树研究开发中心;南京林业大学
关键词：
桉树;冰雪灾害;特点;发展对策
摘  要：
2008年1月中旬至2月初,我国长江以南的中部地区出现了"百年一遇"的持续低温、雨雪和冰冻灾害性天气。我国200万hm2桉树林中的35万hm2遭受不同程度冰雪灾害,其中广西、湖南、江西的受害面积较大。桉树在这次冰雪灾害中受害以冰雪压折为主、冻害为辅。在灾害严重地区未发现桉树品种间抗折断能力差异,在灾害较轻的地区广林9的抗折断能力强于DH201-2;灾害中桉树品种间的抗寒能力差异显著,实生树种抗寒能力从强到弱依次为:本沁桉>邓恩桉>柳桉>赤桉;无性系为:广林9>DH201-2>Eg2。发现抗冰雪灾害能力与树龄关系密切,1～2年生幼龄林抗折断能力强,抗寒害能力弱;3年生以上林抗折断能力弱,抗寒害能力强。调查还发现,海拔400m是很多地方的冰雪灾害分界点,超过则受害重、低于此高度则受害轻;桉树的冰雪灾害受林地所处的位置、特殊的效应影响。本文针对桉树冰雪灾害的特点,在桉树发展适宜性的确定、桉树品种的选用、造林地的选择与培育措施等方面,提出了桉树安全的对策。
译  名：
Eucalypt Ice-snow Damage Pattern and Countermeasures for Safe Development
作  者：
LUO Jian-zhong1,2,CHEN Shao-xiong2,XIE Yao-jian2,CAO Jia-guang2,WU Zhi-hua2 (1.Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China; 2.China Eucalypt Research Centre,Zhanjiang 524022,Guangdong,China)
关键词：
eucalypt;ice-snow damage;pattern;cold tolerance;silviculture
摘  要：
From mid January to early February 2008,long-lasting low temperatures,freezing rain and snow occurred across much of the middle parts of regions to the south of the Yangtze River in China.This severe weather was the worst in ten decades for the south,and resulted in 0.35 million hm2 of China's eucalypt plantation resource damaged by snow and(or)ice.Guangxi,Hunan,Jiangxi provinces had the most serious plantation damages.Stem breakage was the main damage suffered,with physiological cold injury being secondary and less significant.No obvious significant differences were found between eucalypt varieties for level of physical damage in the areas where the plantations were severely affected.However,in the areas with light damage,the clone GL9 was found to be more resistant to stem breakage than clone DH201-2.Very different levels of physiological tolerance to cold injury were also observed between varieties.Among cold tolerant species commonly propagated as seedlings,the ranking for cold tolerance was E.benthamii>E.dunnii>E.saligna>E.camaldulensis,among clones propagated vegetatively,cold tolerance ranking was GL9>DH201-2>Eg2.Snow and ice tolerance of eucalypt plantations was found to be closely correlated to the age of the plantation.1-2 year old plantations had higher resistance to breakage but lower cold tolerance.On the contrary,plantations of ages 3 or more years had lower resistance to breakage but higher cold tolerance.In many areas,around 400 m altitude was found to be the boundary of snow and ice damage with very serious damage at higher elevations and significantly less damage below.Depending on the position of the plantation,a number of other special factors were also found to influence the level of snow and ice damage on eucalypts.Based on the patterns of snow and ice damage observed on eucalypts in early 2008,this study then recommended a number of countermeasures for reducing risks of plantation development including:deciding on applicability of eucalypt plantation development,eucalypt variety selection,site selection and silvicultural measures.

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