作 者：
董庆利;王海梅;Pradeep K MALAKAR;刘箐;宋筱瑜;田明胜;陆冉冉
单 位：
上海理工大学医疗器械与食品学院;国家食品安全风险评估中心;上海市食品药品监督管理局执法总队;英国食品研究所
关键词：
微生物定量风险评估;致病菌;预测微生物学
摘 要：
近10余年来,我国政府重视食品安全并逐渐加强风险分析体系的构建和实施。根据历年来国家卫生与计生委的统计数据,表明由致病微生物导致的食物中毒发病率一直高于其他危害。食源性致病菌引起的食品安全风险是全球性问题,发展中国家面临的情况更为严峻,因此加强我国微生物定量风险评估以减少与发达国家的差距,从国家层面上势在必行。特别是2009年我国颁布实施《食品安全法》和2011年成立国家食品安全风险评估中心(China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment,CFSA)以来,已有不少针对国内具体食品致病菌情况开展的食品微生物定量风险评估(quantitative microbial risk assessment,QMRA)研究。本文对2000年至今我国已开展的QMRA研究,包括涉及的食品、致病菌、微生物预测模型、剂量-效应模型等进行详细综述。同时指出我国开展QMRA面临的技术性难题及解决方法,并对采用QMRA结果用于构建危害分析与关键控制点(Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point,HACCP)和食品安全目标(food safety objective,FSO)以及执行目标(performance objective,PO)的应用前景进行探讨。建议加强风险评估与风险管理的互动交流、进一步完善风险监测、微生物限量制定和国际合作,在完善实施指南的基础上针对我国具体国情开展更多具有科学性和系统性的QMRA研究。
译 名：
Review of Progress in Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment in China
作 者：
DONG Qingli;WANG Haimei;Pradeep K MALAKAR;LIU Jing;SONG Xiaoyu;TIAN Mingsheng;LU Ranran;School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering,University of Shanghai for Science and Technology;Institute of Food Research;China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment;Law Enforcement Department of Shanghai Municipal Food and Drug Administration;School of Public Health,Fudan University;
关键词：
quantitative microbial risk assessment;;pathogen;;predictive microbiology
摘 要：
During the past 10 years,there has been increasing concern about food safety at the governmental level in China.Due to the more outbreaks of foodborne disease caused by pathogens than other hazards from official statistics,the quantitative microbial risk assessment(QMRA) should be further improved from the scientific standpoint to narrow the gap reduction with developed countries since the implementation of the Food Safety Law of the People's Republic of China in 2009 and the foundation of China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment(CFSA) in 2011.This review listed the major pathogens and the food vectors concerned in China during 2000–2013,and predictive microbiological models and dose-response models used in Chinese research were analyzed.Moreover,several possible technical factors and relevant solutions to conduct QMRA in China were described in detail.Future applications of QMRA were discussed such as helping to design the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point(HACCP) system and to establish the Food Safety Objective or Performance Objective(FSO/PO) for setting the microbiological standards.Furthermore,it will be necessary to improve the connection between risk assessors and managers,to enhance the risk inspection,to set the microbiological limit standards and to develop more international cooperations.QMRA should be conducted according to the general guidelines of international associations scientifically and systematically under China actual situations for the next 10 years.
