作 者：
魏海军;邓正华;陈明强;邓林琪;谭春明;李有宁;王雨;王爱民
单 位：
海南师范大学文学院;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所/农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所热带水产研究开发中心;海南大学海洋学院
关键词：
合浦珠母贝;壳色;生产性能;才女虫;性别
摘 要：
【目的】综合评价不同壳色合浦珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)雌雄群体的生产性能,为其良种选育及优质珍珠养殖提供理论指导。【方法】对4种壳色(金壳色、红壳色、黑壳色和白壳色)选育系及常规壳色合浦珠母贝雌雄群体间的数量性状(湿重、壳重、软体重、闭壳肌重、壳长、壳高、壳宽、铰合线长和闭壳肌拉力)和才女虫(Polydora ciliata)感染情况进行系统分析,综合评价其生产性能及雌雄群体间的差异。【结果】除闭壳肌拉力外,4种壳色选育系的数量性状均显著优于常规壳色合浦珠母贝(P<0.05),其中,红壳色选育系可作为以湿重、壳重、软体重、闭壳肌重、壳长、壳高和铰合线长为选育目标的最优选育群体,白壳色选育系可作为以闭壳肌拉力和壳宽为选育目标的最佳选育群体。4种壳色选育系的才女虫感染率均明显高于常规壳色合浦珠母贝,且以红壳色选育系的感染率最高、白壳色选育系的感染率最低。5种壳色合浦珠母贝间的性别分化存在极显著差异(P<0.01),其中,白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系为偏雄群体,红壳色选育系为偏雌群体。雌性合浦珠母贝通常比雄性合浦珠母贝大,但其闭壳肌拉力和抗才女虫感染能力与性别无关。【结论】白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系的综合育种价值较红壳色选育系、黑壳色选育系及常规壳色合浦珠母贝高,建议在今后的合浦珠母贝选育工作中,可根据需求加强对白壳色选育系和金壳色选育系的优化选育,并应用到优质珍珠生产中。
译 名：
Evaluation of production performance of Pinctada fucata with different shell colors and its differences between male and female
作 者：
WEI Hai-jun;DENG Zheng-hua;CHEN Ming-qiang;DENG Lin-qi;TAN Chun-ming;LI You-ning;WANG Yu;WANG Ai-min;College of Marine Science,Hainan University;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences/Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation &Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;Tropical Aquaculture Research and Development Center,South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences;School of Literature,Hainan Normal University;
关键词：
Pinctada fucata;;shell color;;production performance;;Polydora ciliata;;gender
摘 要：
【Objective】To reveal the production performance of male and female populations of Pinctada fucata with different shell colors,and to provide theoretical guidance for the breeding of P. fucata and high-quality pearl cultivation.【Method】Quantitative traits(wet weight,shell weight,tissues weight,adductor muscle weight,shell length,shell height,shell width,hinge length and adductor muscle tension)and the infection status of Polydora ciliata in male and female of P. fucata breeding lines in four shell colors(golden shell color,red shell color,black shell color and white shell color)and normal-shell color were measured for comprehensive evaluation of production performance and differences between male and female populations.【Result】The results showed that the quantitative traits of the four shell color breeding lines were better than the normal-shell color strains of P. fucata(P<0.05),except for the adductor muscle tension. Among them,the red-shell color breeding line of P. fucata could be used as the most preferred breeding line with wet weight,shell weight,tissues weight,adductor muscle weight,shell length,shell height,and hinge length as the targets of breeding,and the white-shell color breeding line could be used as the most preferred breeding line with adductor muscle tension and shell width as the targets of breeding. The infection ratesof P. ciliate in the four shell color breeding lines were higher than that of the normal-shell color strains of P. fucata,and the infection rate of P. ciliate in the red-shell color breeding line was the highest,the infection rate of P. ciliate in white-shell color breeding line was the lowest. There was extremely significant difference in gender differentiation among five different shell color strains of P. fucata(P<0.01),among which the whiteshell color breeding line and golden-shell color breeding line were male-most strains,and the red-shell color breeding line was female-most breeding line. The females were bigger than the males in P. fucata,and the gender had no effect on the adductor muscle tension and the infection rates of P. ciliata.【Conclusion】The comprehensive breeding values of the white-shell color breeding line and the golden-shell color breeding line are better than those of the red-shell color breeding line,the black-shell color breeding line,and the normal-shell color strains of P. fucata. It is suggested that in the future selection and breeding work,the optimization and selection of white-shell color breeding line and golden-shell color breeding line can be strengthened according to demand and applied to high-quality pearl production.
