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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 收获时期对西南地区套作大豆机收效果及产量的影响 东北农业大学学报 2019 (2) 62-70
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of harvest date on mechanical harvest quality and yield of intercropped soybean in Southwestern China Journal of Northeast Agricultural University 2019 (2) 62-70

收获时期对西南地区套作大豆机收效果及产量的影响

作  者：
杨欢;张黎骅;陈平;杜青;张飞;雍太文;王小春;杨峰;刘卫国;杨文钰
单  位：
四川农业大学农学院;四川农业大学机电学院
关键词：
收获时期;套作大豆;机收效果;产量
摘  要：
收获时期难以确定是西南地区套作大豆生产面临主要问题之一。为研究收获时期对套作大豆机收效果和产量影响,以南豆25为材料,测定75%豆荚变黄至豆荚明显炸裂时期机械收获效果、植株不同部位水分含量、机械收获产量等指标。结果表明,随收获时期延后,机械化收获损失率先减后增,破碎率、含杂率逐渐减少。收获质量指标损失率、破碎率受收获时期影响较大,而含杂率受其影响较小。不同处理间机械化收获损失率变幅为2.06%～5.59%,破碎率变幅较大为0.97%～42.92%,含杂率变幅较小为0.43%～3.46%。损失率分为脱粒清选损失率和割台损失率。脱粒清选损失率随收获时期推迟逐渐减少,为过早收获损失率主要构成部分,占损失率比例为58.26%～96.47%;而割台损失率随收获时期延后逐渐增加,为过晚收获损失率主要构成部分,占损失率比例为55.71%～95.53%。多元线性逐步回归表明,损失率与荚皮含水率、破碎率与籽粒含水率均呈显著正相关。通过建立损失率、破碎率与植株水分含量之间模型,大豆机械化收获条件应为荚皮含水率12.70%～19.57%,籽粒含水率小于25.55%,百粒重、机械收获产量较高,机收效果符合大豆机械化收获作业标准。
译  名：
Effect of harvest date on mechanical harvest quality and yield of intercropped soybean in Southwestern China
作  者：
YANG Huan;ZHANG Lihua;CHEN Ping;DU Qing;ZHANG Fei;YONG Taiwen;WANG Xiaochun;YANG Feng;LIU Weiguo;YANG Wenyu;School of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University;
单  位：
YANG Huan%ZHANG Lihua%CHEN Ping%DU Qing%ZHANG Fei%YONG Taiwen%WANG Xiaochun%YANG Feng%LIU Weiguo%YANG Wenyu%School of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University%School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University
关键词：
harvest date;;intercropping soybean;;mechanized harvest quality;;yield
摘  要：
The uncertainty of harvest date had always been the difficulty in the intercropping soybean production in Southwestern China. To study the effect of harvest date on the soybean yield and mechanized harvest quality, a field experiment on mechanized harvest date of Nandou25 was conducted with harvest stages ranging from 75% pod yellow to pod shattering significantly. Themechanized harvest quality, moisture content, and yield were measured. The results showed that the mechanized harvest loss rate decreased firstly then increased, the broken rate and impurity rate decreased gradually with the delay of harvest date. The loss rate and broken rate were greatly affected by the harvest date, while the impurity rate was less affected. The loss rate ranged from 2.06% to5.59%, the broken rate ranged from 0.97% to 42.92%, and the impurity rate ranged from 0.43% to 3.46% in different treatments of harvest date. The loss rate was composed of threshing and cleaning loss rate and combining header harvest loss rate. The loss rate of threshing and cleaning, accounted to 58.26%-96.47% of the total loss rate, was the main component of early harvest loss rate, decreasing with the delay of harvest date. However, the combining header harvest loss rate increased gradually with the delay of harvest date, being the main part of late harvest loss rate, the proportion of it was 55.71%-95.53%. Multiple linear stepwise regression showed that there was significant positive between the loss rate and pod water content, broken rate and grain water content. By establishing the model between loss rate, broken rate and moisture content, the mechanized soybean harvest should be carried out when the pod water content was 12.70%-19.57% and grainwater content was less than 25.55%, at this time, the 100-seed weight and the yield were higher, and the mechanized harvest quality met the standard of mechanized soybean harvest.

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