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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 杀配子染色体诱导小麦染色体畸变及其后代的细胞遗传学研究 核农学报 2015,29 (1) 10-20
Position: Home > Articles > Induced Chromosome Aberrations of Wheat by Gametocidal Chromosome and Cytogenetic Study of Their Offsprings Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences 2015,29 (1) 10-20

杀配子染色体诱导小麦染色体畸变及其后代的细胞遗传学研究

作  者：
李政宏;刘杰;高继迪;陈平;张婧;李集临;张延明
单  位：
哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院/黑龙江省分子细胞遗传与遗传育种重点实验室
关键词：
小麦;杀配子染色体;长穗偃麦草;易位系;缺失系
摘  要：
本研究利用形态学和分子细胞遗传学研究方法对中国春-长穗偃麦草二体附加系与中国春-柱穗山羊草(2C)二体附加系的杂交后代F1、F2、F3进行研究,旨在探讨杀配子染色体诱导小麦-外源染色体畸变的频率,为小麦遗传育种提供材料基础。结果表明,杀配子染色体(2C)的丢失与恢复成二体,造成杂种F1、F2的减数分裂行为异常,杂种F3较前2代单价体数明显下降,相对紊乱系数明显低于F2。同时,杀配子染色体连续2次作用,使得附加系中ABDE染色体组受到严重影响,部分染色体产生缺失和易位,在后代传递中易于丢失,而外源E组染色体片段渗入到小麦染色体组中,使得染色体配对异常,产生非理论值的单价体数,导致后代育性下降或败育。本研究共检测F3植株448株,得到易位24株,缺失36株,小麦间易位19株,易位频率为5.36%,缺失频率为8.04%,染色体畸变总频率为13.39%。断裂位点的分布比率依次为:B组>A组>D组。本研究表明,杀配子染色体诱发染色体畸变频率高,且具有一定的方向性,是创造小麦遗传育种新材料的重要途径。
译  名：
Induced Chromosome Aberrations of Wheat by Gametocidal Chromosome and Cytogenetic Study of Their Offsprings
作  者：
LI Zhenghong;LIU Jie;GAO Jidi;CHEN Ping;ZHANG Jing;LI Jilin;ZHANG Yanming;Key Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics and Genetic Breeding of Heilongjiang Province/College of Life Science and Technology,Harbin Normal University;
关键词：
wheat,gametocidal chromosome,Th.elongata,translocation line,deletion line
摘  要：
In this paper,the morphological and molecular cytogenetic methods were used to study F1,F2,F3 of hybrid offspring between Chinese spring-Aegilops cylindrical( 2C) disomic addition lines and Chinese spring-Elytrigia elongata( 1E-7E) disomic addition lines,which aimed to discuss the frequency of wheat-alien chromosomal aberrations that was induced by Gametocidal chromosome and provide the basis material for wheat genetic breeding. The results showed that Gametocidal chromosomes( 2C) lost or recovered into disome,which caused the abnormal meiotic behavior of hybrid F1,F2,and the univalent number of F3 was an apparent decline compared with the previous two generations as well as the relative coefficient of disorder was significantly lower than F2 generation. Meanwhile,due to the twice interaction from Gametocidal Chromosome, ABDE genome of additional lines has a seriously affect, and produced some chromosomal deletions and translocations that easy to be lost in transmission of the offspring,and the alien E chromosome fragment infiltrated into the wheat genome making the imbalance of chromosome pairing,resulting in fertility decline or abortion. In this study,448 plants were detected in F3,getting 24 translocation plants,36 deletion plants,19 translocation plants between wheat,and the translocation frequency was 5. 36%,deletion of frequency was 8. 04%,the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in total was 13. 39%. Distribution ratio of fracture sites were: Group B > A group > D group,successively. The study showed that using Gametocidal Chromosome to induce the chromosomal aberration was high frequency,and has certain directionality,which is an important way for creating a new material of wheat genetic breeding.

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