单 位：
国家海洋局第三海洋研究所;宁波大学生命科学与生物工程学院
摘 要：
采用围隔设置单养虾(S)、单养藻(A)、虾藻混养(SA)、虾鱼藻混养(SFA)4种不同养殖模式,探讨菊花江蓠(Gracilaria lichevoides)对围隔高密度对虾养殖过程中产生的污染进行净化和水质调控作用。结果表明,养殖菊花江蓠的围隔水体中有更高的DO水平和较低的营养盐水平,说明对养殖水体的环境因子和营养盐都能起到很好的调控作用。水体中弧菌密度也较低,养殖环境稳定性好,使得养殖的对虾生长快,成活率高。与S相比,SA中的对虾成活率提高了32%。本实验对于采用搭配大型海藻进行养殖污染的净化与水质调控方法是可行的和有效的。
译 名：
Pollution purification and water-quality control of shrimp aquaculture in land-based enclosure by Gracilaria lichevoides(Rhodophyta)
作 者：
XU Yong-jian1,WEI Wei1,QIAN Lu-min2 (1.Institute of Life Sciences and Biotechnology,Ningbo University,Ningbo 315211,China;2.The Third Institute of Oceanography,State Ocean Administration,Xiamen 316005,China)
关键词：
Gracilaria lichevoides;land-based enclosure;aquaculture pollution;water-quality regulation
摘 要：
This study aimed to discuss how to integratively develop and optimize the ecosystem of shrimp mariculture.Furthermore,preferable economic benefit will be obtained on the premise of protection environment of aquaculture.The red macroalga Gracilaria lichevoides was selected as experimental material,and the experiment was done in 6 m×3 m×1.8 m concrete ponds at the Third Institute of Oceanography,12 land-based enclosures were utilized,which was 1.5 m×1.0 m×1.7 m,and 4 aquaculture models were set up,which were shrimp mono-culture model(S),alga mono-culture model(A),shrimp-alga integrated model(SA) and shrimp-fish-alga integrated model(SFA).No water exchange happened among the enclosures.The results showed that during experiment,water temperature fluctuated from 27.6 ℃ to 33.8 ℃,and salinity was 26-28.The other two environmental factors—pH and DO—fluctuated weakly at the first stage of experiment(before Sep.30),and no differences among these models.However,pH and DO at the last stage(after Oct.10) fluctuated intensively,and concentrations of DO in models S and SFA changed more quickly than those in models A and SA.The average body length of shrimp Penaeus vannamei was obviously different between S and SA after 45 d stocking,moreover,survival rate of shrimp in model SA was 32% higher than that in S.The concentrations of nitrate,ammonium and phosphate were not different among models at the first stage,and difference graduated obvionsly after that.Thereinto,the three factors in model A kept all along at low level,and fluctuated most intensively in S.The density of Vibrio was about 103 cells/mL in model A,and 104-106 cells/mL in model S.The densities of SA and SFA were between them.The macroalga had a good function of regulating and controling environmental factors(DO,pH) and nutrient factors(NO-3-N,NH3-N,PO3-4-P) in enclosures,where there was higher content of dissolved oxygen(DO),lower concentrations of nutrients and Vibrio density,and bigger stable capacity to regulate aquaculture environment.This condition made rapid growth rate and high survival rate of shrimp stocked.From the environment point of view,this study made the utilization of macro-algae prevent pollution feasible and effective.
