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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 中国粮食作物单产增长规律及其原理 山西农业科学 2010,38 (10) 26-29
Position: Home > Articles > The Increase Regularity and Principle of China's Cereal Crops Unit Yield Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences 2010,38 (10) 26-29

中国粮食作物单产增长规律及其原理

作  者：
褚清河;强彦珍
单  位：
太原高新技术产业开发区园林绿化管理中心;山西省农业科学院农业资源综合考察研究所
关键词：
粮食产量;品种更新;距平值;营养遗传
摘  要：
应用距平值法和方差分析法,对我国1978—2007年的粮食单产增加原理进行了分析。结果表明,我国粮食单产呈周期性增加规律,粮食单产周期性增加是作物品种周期性更新的结果,作物品种最高产量施肥量是品种的重要营养遗传特性,是品种适应土壤环境条件的结果。因此,肥料施用量的周期性增加是作物品种更新的重要原因。近30年来,我国作物品种潜力水平的提高,主要是利用了育种材料的耐氮肥特性,而没有利用品种营养平衡的遗传特性,结果导致单位肥料的增产量逐年降低。
译  名：
The Increase Regularity and Principle of China's Cereal Crops Unit Yield
作  者：
CHU Qing-he1,QIANG Yan-zhen2(1.Institute of Agricultural Resources Comprehensive Survey,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taiyuan 030006,China;2.Landscape Management Center,Taiyuan Hi-tech Industry Development Zone,Taiyuan 030006,China)
关键词：
Cereals production;Cultivarinnovation;Yield anomaly;Nutrition genetics
摘  要：
Chronic feature of China’s cereals production was analysed by yield anomaly over 1978-2007.Data of China’s cereals production was collected from the yearbook of China’s agriculture over 1978-2007.The yield anomaly and its variance with different periods was analysed and tested.Statistical analysis revealed a periodical increase of cereals yield overthe time span.This periodical increase was attributed to a periodical alternation of crop cultivars due to innovation of cultivar breeding.However,there should be an optimumfertilization to meet nutrient requirements forthe potential yield of newgeneration of cultivars,which is basically controlled by the nutrition genetical feature of cultivars.The latter was an integrated expression of cultivars adaptation to local climate and soil conditions.Accordingly,there should have had an alternation of fertilization concerned both with quantity and balancing ratio of majornutrients of N,P and K.Unfortunately,the increase of cultivars yield overthe last 30 years was explained mainly with the N requirement when innovating new cultivars.However,the genetical requirement for balancing supply of major nutrients of N plus P and Khad not yet been paid enough attention.This may be a reason behind the decline in N agronomical use efficiency and excess use of N causing eutrophication fromoverfertilizing in croplands.

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