译 名：
Specifying the Crowding Norms Based on Visitors' Waiting Time in the Recreation Areas of Wuyishan National Park
作 者：
GUO Jinhui;LIN Kaimiao;PENG Xiasui;WANG Linhui;CHEN Qiuhua;Tourism College,Wuyi University;School of Management,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;
关键词：
tourism carrying capacity;;crowding norm;;staying time;;Wuyishan National Park
摘 要：
⑴ Background——Management of tourist congestion specification is an important means to minimize the impact of ecotourism and maximize the satisfaction of tourists.Domestic scholars pay more attention to the impact of density level of tourists in a certain area,but neglect the impact of congestion.With the excessive gathering of tourists during the peak time and holidays,the queuing phenomenon inevitably occurs at the entrance of natural parks,waiting areas for shuttle buses and important tourist attractions.⑵ Methods——This study selected the main crowded areas in Wuyishan National Park as the research areas.During the Golden Week of National Day from 2017 to 2018,the on-site questionnaire survey was administered at the ticket gates,waiting places for shuttle buses and bamboo raft drifting docks of the National Park Tourism Center.A total of 393 visitors were invited to participate in the survey on their waiting time and their perception of crowding.Taking the waiting time as independent variable x and acceptability of tourists as dependent variable y,this study attempted to fit and analyze the four curve models of psychological endurance and waiting time,i.e.linear,logarithmic,exponential and quadratic.The optimal fitting equation was selected to analyze the waiting time of tourists,and time congestion index norms were built at ticket-checking points,waiting points for shuttle buses and bamboo raft points respectively.⑶ Results——Firstly,the study shows that the overall perception degree of tourists' congestion is moderate.The overwhelming majority of tourists' perception of congestion is below the medium level.67.9% of respondents thought that congestion was below moderate crowding,and only 23.3% of respondents thought that their perception of congestion was above moderate crowding.Secondly,tourists' perception of overall congestion is affected by many factors.Age,occupation,personal characteristics of tourists,type of travel team,staying time and weather are the significant factors influencing tourism congestion.However,there is no significant difference in the impact of tourist sources,gender and team size on tourism congestion.Thirdly,the regression analysis results show that the waiting time perception indicators of ticket gates,shuttle buses and bamboo rafts are 11 minutes,16 minutes and 48 minutes,respectively.The increase of tourists' waiting time at shuttle buses and ticket gates has the same effects on the acceptability of congestion,both of which decrease rapidly.While the acceptability of congestion of bamboo raft tourists decreases slowly with the increase of waiting time.The waiting time-congestion specification at the three tourism nodes are ranked as ticket gate > shuttle bus > bamboo raft.⑷ Conclusions——Through the measurement of tourists' congestion perception in Wuyishan National Park and the analysis of its influencing factors,it is found that age,occupation,number of trips,type of tourism organization,staying time,weather and other factors have significant effects on tourists' congestion perception.In addition,the waiting time norm curve is established based on the theory of congestion specification.The regression analysis results show that the waiting time of congestion perception at ticket gates,shuttle buses and bamboo rafts are 10.9 min,15.6 min and 47.6 min,respectively.The study of congestion specification based on waiting time not only provides a further supplement to the study of congestion perception,but also provides certain practical guidance for the management of recreation use in parks and other nature reserves.
