关键词：
浐灞河流域;流域生态系统;健康评价;模糊层次综合评价法
摘 要：
[目的]根据流域不同特征,构建浐灞河流域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并对其生态系统健康状况进行评价,为河流综合治理提供科学依据.[方法]基于浐灞河流域的水资源开发利用程度、水功能定位和生态环境保护的不同特点,构建了由生态结构与功能、水文特征、水环境状况、社会经济和生态服务功能5个方面要素,11个单项指标组成的流域生态系统健康评价指标体系,并采用模糊综合评价法与层次分析法相结合的方法对浐灞河流域生态系统健康状况进行评价.[结果]影响浐灞河流域上中游区域生态系统健康的主要问题有水土流失、植被破坏以及人口增加对环境的压力,影响浐灞河下游城市段生态系统健康的主要问题有水资源过度开发和河流水质污染.浐灞河上中游区域和下游城市段生态系统健康综合评价度分别为0.803 7和0.760 9,可知浐灞河流域上中游区域生态系统处于亚健康状态,下游城市段为临界状态.[结论]浐灞河流域上中游区域生态结构与功能欠缺,下游区域受水文特征和水环境状况的影响较大,是浐灞河进行流域治理和水生态保护与修复应重点关注的问题.
摘 要：
[Objective] A health assessment index system was established to estimate the ecosystem health of Chanba river basin considering its different characteristics.It can provide scientific basis for river comprehensive management.[Method] Based on the different characteristics of Chanba river basin,including water resource utilization,aquatic ecological function and eco-environment protection,we established the index system which consisted of 11 individual indices in five categories:configuration and function of ecosystem,hydrology characteristics,water environment,socio-economic and eco-service function.An integrative method of fuzzy hierarchical model and AHP was used to evaluate ecosystem health of Chanba river basin.[Result] Soil erosion,vegetation destruction and population pressures are the main factors influencing ecosystem health of the upper & middle reaches.Water resources overexploitation and water pollution are the major causes to the lower reaches.The health general evaluating value to the upper & middle and the lower reaches is respectively 0.803 7 and 0.760 9.The results show that the upper & middle reaches ecosystem is in sub-healthy status and the lower reaches is in critical state.[Conclusion] Some issues should be concerned about ecological structural and functional deficiency in the upper & middle reaches and hydrological characteristics and water environmental impact in the lower reaches.
