作 者：
郭智;刘红江;陈留根;王子臣;邱丹;堵燕钰
单 位：
江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所;江苏省农业环境监测与保护站;常州市农(渔)业生态环境保护监测站
关键词：
有机肥施用;冬瓜;磷;地表径流;磷素表观利用率
摘 要：
采用田间小区定位试验(2011—2012年)研究了自然降雨条件下有机肥施用对太湖流域典型蔬菜地磷素径流流失、蔬菜产量及磷素表观利用率的影响。结果表明:冬瓜种植季内菜地径流水量可达1 800~3 528m~3/hm~2,且与降雨量呈显著线性正相关关系。单施化肥(T1)处理条件下,菜地磷素(TP)径流流失量和流失系数分别达3.45kg/hm~2和1.08%,有机肥施用(T2、T3)显著增加TP径流流失量达14.79%和115.36%,而流失系数却降低39.63%(P<0.05)和9.11%(P>0.05)。从冬瓜产量角度考量,较T1处理而言,有机肥施用(T2、T3)条件下,虽然经济产量和废弃物产量分别提高1.41%~2.88%和4.17%~6.20%,但冬瓜经济系数却稍有下降,但处理间差异不显著。同时,虽然有机肥施用(T2、T3)显著增加冬瓜磷素吸收量达27.27%和46.18%,但磷素表观利用率却显著降低36.79%和61.22%(P<0.05)。有机肥施用显著增加菜地磷素盈余,T2、T3处理条件下,盈余量高达238.44~496.28kg/hm~2,分别达T1处理的2.60倍和5.42倍。
译 名：
Effects of Organic Manure Application on Phosphorus(P) Losses by Surface Runoff and Apparent P Use Efficiency in the Vegetable Field of Chinese Waxgourd(Benincasa hispida Cogn.)
作 者：
GUO Zhi;LIU Hongjiang;CHEN Liugen;WANG Zichen;QIU Dan;DU Yanyu;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science;Agricultural Environmental Monitoring and Protection Station of Jiangsu Province;Agricultural(Fisheries)Ecological Environment Protection and Monitoring Stations of Changzhou;
关键词：
organic manure application;;Benincasa hispida Cogn.;;phosphorus(P);;surface runoff;;apparent P use efficiency
摘 要：
We performed a field plot experiment(2011—2012)to study the effects of chicken manure application on phosphorus(P)losses by surface runoff,vegetable yield,and apparent P use efficiency in a typical vegetable field of Chinese waxgourd(Benincasa hispida Cogn.)in Taihu Lake basin,China,under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that the total volume of runoff water reached the range of 1 800 to 3 528m~3/hm~2 during a single vegetable growing period,which showed a significant positive linear correlation with rainfall amount.Under conventional fertilization conditions(T1,chemical fertilizer),the quantity and coefficient of total phosphorus(TP)losses by surface runoff reached 3.45kg/hm~2 and 1.08%,respectively.Compared with T1,the quantity of TP losses significantly increased by 14.79% and 115.36% under T2(plots treated with one-half chicken manure and one-half chemical fertilizer)and T3(plots treated with chicken manure only),but the coefficient of TP loss decreased by 39.63%(P<0.05)and 9.11%(P>0.05),respectively.And,compared with T1,the economic yield and waste yield of Chinese waxgourd increased by 1.41%to 2.88%and by 4.17% to 6.20% under the chicken manure application treatments(T2,T3),but the economic coefficient slightly decreased,and no significant difference was found between these treatments.Meanwhile,although T2 and T3significantly increased P absorption of Chinese waxgourd by 27.27% and 46.18%,and significantly decreased apparent P use efficiency by 36.79% and 61.22%,respectively.Furthermore,chicken manure application significantly increased P surplus amount in the vegetable field of Chinese waxgourd.P surplus amounts reached up to 238.44—496.28kg/hm~2 under T2 and T3,which were 2.60 times and 5.42 times higher than that in T1 treatment,respectively.
