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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 苜蓿地下害虫种类、为害及抗虫性评价 草业科学 2019 (11) 2895-2906
Position: Home > Articles > 苜蓿地下害虫种类、为害及抗虫性评价 Pratacultural Science 2019 (11) 2895-2906

苜蓿地下害虫种类、为害及抗虫性评价

作  者：
史敏;曹师;胡进玲;党淑钟;李彦忠
关键词：
苜蓿产业;草地衰退;土壤害虫;越冬
摘  要：
为确定地下害虫对苜蓿(Medicago)生产的影响,本研究在内蒙古呼和浩特市建植了44个苜蓿品种草地,采集并鉴定了地下害虫种类,确定了地下害虫在苜蓿根部的害状,调查了地下害虫数量和植株被害率,并评价了品种对地下害虫的抗性.结果显示,该苜蓿地中地下害虫种类主要有黑绒鳃金龟(Maladera orientalis)、蒙古异丽金龟(Anomala mongolica)、宽背金针虫(Selatosomus gravidus)、蒙古沙潜(Gonocephalum reticulatum)和网目拟地甲(Opatrum subaratum),占土壤中采集到昆虫总数的27.56%;地下害虫在苜蓿根部的害状有皮层缺刻和中柱空洞2类;植株被害率为1.19%~28.85%,平均为2.77%;根据美国国家苜蓿和牧草联盟制定的抗性分级标准,供试品种均为高抗品种,但根据品种间存在抗性差异的实际情况,采用聚类分析可将供试品种的抗虫性分为6个类群:高抗品种(HR)为新牧2号、MF4030、猎人河、MF4010等10个品种,占品种总数的22.64%,抗虫品种(R)为中草3号、肇东、巨能等10个品种,占29.54%,中抗品种(M)为敖汉、SK3010等13个品种,占22.73%,低抗品种(L)为龙牧806、准格尔、巨人等9个品种,占20.45%,感虫品种(S)为润布勒和旱地两个品种,占4.55%.
作  者：
SHI Min;CAO Shi;HU Jinling;DANG Shuzhong;LI Yanzhong;State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems/Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University;Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS);
关键词：
alfalfa industry;;pasture decline;;soil insect;;overwintering
摘  要：
In order to select resistant varieties that can be recommended for use in alfalfa production, resistance of 44 varieties in Hohhot were evaluated, soil insect species were identified, damage of alfalfa roots by soil insects was determined,and percentage of injured plants were investigated in this study. The results showed that soil insect pests in this site were Maladera orientalis, Anomala mongolica, Selatosomus gravidus, Gonocephalum reticulatum and Opatrum subaratum, which accounted for 27.56% of total soil insect number. Insects inflicted plant injury by chewing root cortexes or boring root steles.The damage rate in plants was 1.19 to 28.85%(average 2.77%). All alfalfa varieties were highly resistant based on the National Alfalfa and Forage Alliance(NAFA) in the United States of America. Nevertheless, relative resistance existed between varieties. Based on analysis with a clustering method, the 44 varieties were divided into six groups: 10 varieties(22.64% of total varieties) were high resistance(HR) varieties, including Xinmu No. 2, MF4030, Hunter River and MF4010;10 were resistance(R) varieties(29.54%), including Zhongcao No. 3, Zhaodong and Magnum; 13 were moderate resistance(M) varieties(22.73%), including Aohan and SK3010; 9 were low resistance(L) varieties(20.45%), including Nongmu 806,Zhungeer and Giant; and 2 were susceptible(S) varieties(4.55%), Rambler and Dryland.

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