关键词：
油橄榄;土壤层厚度;生长指标;挂果指标;丽江市
摘 要：
[目的]分析土壤层厚度对不同品种油橄榄(Olea europaea)生长的影响,为促进油橄榄产业健康有序发展提供参考依据.[方法]采用两因素随机区组设计,观测种植在5个土壤层厚度(分别为20.00~30.00、60.00~80.00、40.00~50.00、120.00~150.00和30.00~40.00 cm,即A1~A5处理)中的5年生油橄榄品种豆果(Arbeqina)、鄂植8号(EZHI-8)和柯基(Koroneiki)的生长指标(平均须根数、平均胸径、平均新梢长度和平均生理落叶率)和挂果指标(平均单株鲜果产量),并对油橄榄品种的生长指标和挂果指标与土壤层厚度进行交互效应分析,对受品种与土壤层厚度交互效应影响显著的指标进行边际均值分析.[结果]油橄榄品种豆果、鄂植8号和柯基在不同土壤层厚度中平均须根数、平均胸径、平均新梢长度、平均生理落叶率和平均单株鲜果产量均达极显著差异水平(P<0.01,下同),说明土壤层厚度对3个油橄榄品种的生长指标和挂果指标均具有重要影响;5个处理对豆果、鄂植8号和柯基平均须根数、平均胸径、平均新梢长度和平均单株鲜果产量的影响排序均表现为A4>A2>A3>A5>A1,对平均生理落叶率的影响排序均表现为A1>A5>A3>A2>A4,即土壤层越厚,3个油橄榄品种的平均须根数、平均胸径、平均新梢长度和平均单株鲜果产量越高,平均生理落叶率越低.油橄榄品种与土壤层厚度的交互效应分析结果表明,平均胸径和平均单株鲜果产量受品种与土壤层厚度交互效应的影响存在极显著差异,平均须根数、平均新梢长度和平均生理落叶率受品种和土壤层厚度交互效应影响无显著差异(P>0.05).边际均值分析结果表明,土壤层厚度越厚,油橄榄生长越好,产量越高,其中平均胸径和平均单株鲜果产量在品种间均表现为柯基>豆果>鄂植8号.[结论]土壤层厚度对油橄榄品种豆果、鄂植8号和柯基的平均须根数、平均胸径、平均新梢长度、平均生理落叶率和平均单株鲜果产量均具有极显著影响,其中土壤层厚度120.00~150.00 cm更适宜3个油橄榄品种生长.
译 名：
The influence of soil thickness on the growth of three olive varieties
作 者：
ZI Gui-cai;LI Qing-hua;DING De-pin;HONG Xian-mei;ZHAO Li-fang;Forestry Research Institute of Lijiang;
关键词：
Olea europea;;soil thickness;;growth index;;fruiting index;;Lijiang City
摘 要：
【Objective】The influence of soil layer thickness on the growth of Olea europaea was analyzed to provide reference basis for promoting the healthy and orderly development of olive industry.【Method】The growth indexes(average fibrous root number,average diameter at breast height,average shoot length,average physiological deciduous rate)and fruiting index(average fresh fruit yield per plant)of 5-year-old oil olive varieties Arbeqina,EZHI-8 and Koroneiki in different soil layer thicknesses(20.00-30.00,60.00-80.00,40.00-50.00,120.00-150.00 and 30.00-40.00,namely treatments A1-A5)were observed by two-factor randomized block experiment design. The interaction between growth indexes and soil thickness and between fruiting index and soil thickness of the olive varieties were studied,and marginal means analysis on the indexes significantly affected by interaction between variety and soil thickness was also conducted.【Result】Average fibrous root number,average diameter at breast height,average shoot length,average physiological deciduous rate and average fresh fruit yield per plant of olive varieties Arbeqina,EZHI-8 and Koroneiki were significantly different at different soil thicknesses(P<0.01,the same below),indicating that soil thickness had great influence on growth and fruiting indexes of the three varieties. The effects of the five treatments on average fibrous root number,average diameter at breast height,average shoot length and average fresh fruit yield per plant of the Arbeqina,EZHI-8 and Koroneiki were as follows: A4>A2>A3>A5>A1. The effects of the five treatments on the average physiological deciduous rate of three olive varieties were A1>A5>A3>A2>A4. The results showed that the thicker the soil layer in the five treatments,the higher the average fibrous root number,average diameter at breast height,average new shoot growth length and average fresh fruit yield per plant of the three olive varieties were,the lower the physiological deciduous rate was. Olive varieties and soil layer thickness interaction effect analysis showed that the average diameter at breast height and average fresh fruit yield per plant affected by interaction effect between variety and soil layer thickness had reached extremely significant difference level,the average number of fibrous roots,average shoot length and average physiological deciduous rate affected by the interactions of varieties and soil layer thickness did not reach significant difference(P>0.05). Marginal means analysis indicated that,as soil thickness increased,the growth and yield of olive improved. The performance of marginal means analysis and average fresh fruit yield per plant was Koroneiki >Arbeqina>EZHI-8.【Conclusion】The thickness of soil layer has extremely significant influence on average fibrous root number,average diameter at breast height,average shoot length,average physiological deciduous rate and average fresh fruit yield per plant of Arbeqina,EZHI-8 and Koroneiki. 120.00-150.00 cm is the optimal soil layer thickness for the growth of the three varieties.
