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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 薄壳山核桃‘马汉’雄蕊发育特性及花粉储藏活力 浙江农林大学学报 2014,31 (4) 528-533
Position: Home > Articles > Flowering characteristics and pollen viability of Carya illinoensis ‘Mahan' Journal of Zhejiang A&F University 2014,31 (4) 528-533

薄壳山核桃‘马汉’雄蕊发育特性及花粉储藏活力

作  者：
杨先裕;黄坚钦;徐奎源;夏国华;袁紫倩;凌骅;王正加
单  位：
浙江农林大学亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室培育基地;浙江省建德市林业局
关键词：
经济林学;薄壳山核桃‘马汉’;发育特性;花粉生活力;储藏条件;荧光染料反应
摘  要：
为解决薄壳山核桃Carya illinoensis花期花粉的采集和有效保存等问题,系统观测雄蕊开花习性,采用荧光染色反应(FCR)法研究了不同散粉期花粉生活力差异,以及不同储藏条件(室温密封、室温密封干燥;4℃密封、4℃密封干燥;-70℃密封、-70℃密封干燥)和储藏时间对花粉活力的影响。结果表明:①4月26日薄壳山核桃雄蕊花萼开裂,5月6日花药由绿变黄,5月7-9日雄蕊进入散粉期,5月8日散粉量最大,占花粉总量的75%,至5月10日花粉基本散尽,花药变黑、小花开始脱落;②散粉期花粉生活力大小依次为即将散粉期(花药由绿变黄)>散粉初期>散粉盛期>散粉末期,花粉耐储藏性亦是即将散粉期最优,即将散粉期>散粉初期>散粉盛期>散粉末期。③储藏条件对花粉活力的保持有显著影响,利于花粉生活力保持的储藏条件依次为-70℃密封干燥>-70℃密封>4℃密封干燥>4℃密封>室温密封干燥>室温密封;在任一储藏条件下,花粉活力均随储藏时间而下降,干燥与不干燥差异不显著。室温下花粉活力下降最快,50 d后花粉已经完全丧失活力;4℃下花粉活力次之,120d后花粉已经完全丧失活力;-70℃超低温条件下保存效果最好,与常温、低温储藏差异极显著,储藏360 d花粉还保持43.55%的活力。
译  名：
Flowering characteristics and pollen viability of Carya illinoensis ‘Mahan'
作  者：
YANG Xianyu;HUANG Jianqin;XU Kuiyuan;XIA Guohua;YUAN Ziqian;LING Hua;WANG Zhengjia;The Nurturing Station for the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University;Forest Enterprise of Jiande City;Hangzhou Academy of Forestry;
关键词：
cash forestry;;Carya illinoensis ‘Mahan';;catkin development;;pollen viability;;storage conditions;;fluorochromatic reaction(FCR)
摘  要：
To promote collection and the effective conservation of Carya illinoensis(pecan) pollen, male flowering habits and pollen vigor in four developmental stages with different storage conditions [a) room temperature, b) room temperature and dry, c) 4 ℃, d) 4 ℃ and dry, e)-70 ℃, and f)-70 ℃ and dry] were observed using the fluorochromatic reaction(FCR) method. Results showed that on April 26th the bract in the catkins had cracked. By May 6th the anthers had turned from green to yellow; between May 7th and 9th, the pollen sac split shedding catkin pollen. As of May 8th about 75% of the shedding had occurred, and on May10th when the catkins turned brown and fell from the trees, shedding was complete. The sequence for pollen viability was beginning of shedding>early shedding>heavy shedding>final shedding with storage durability for the pollen having the same order. Pollen viability for different storage conditions followed decay curves, but differences were noted with-70 ℃ and dry>-70 ℃>4 ℃ and dry>4 ℃>room temperature and dry>room temperature. Also, as storage time increased, pollen viability gradually decreased. The fastest decline in pollen viability was at room temperature, and after 50 d the pollen had completely lost its vitality. When stored at 4 °C,the pollen had mostly lost its vitality after 120 d. The best condition was preservation at-70 ℃ where pollen was still 43.55 % viable after 360 d.

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