摘 要：
【目的】研究甘蓝型春油菜在西藏不同海拔生态区的适应性,以期获得影响春油菜生长发育的主要影响气候因子。【方法】以3份春油菜品种为试材,分别种植于5个不同海拔试点(堆龙县、贡嘎县、白朗县、扎囊县、拉萨市),测定春油菜农艺及主要品质性状。【结果】春油菜在高海拔生态区种植后,出苗至抽薹期推迟8 d(藏油12);抽薹至初花时间推迟6 d(京华165);对单株角果数影响最大,单株角果数减少25个(大地95);每角粒数最大增加6.4个(京华165);千粒重增加1.01 g(藏油12号),含油量增加2.55%(藏油12号);硫苷增加15.30μmol/g(大地95);芥酸(藏油12号)升高5.00%。相关性分析显示,单株角果数、每果粒数与纬度、海拔、降雨量、极端高温呈显著正相关;每果粒数与平均蒸发量呈显著负相关;千粒重与极端低温、平均蒸发量呈显著正相关,与纬度、极端高温呈显著负相关;含油量与海拔呈显著正相关,与温度因子显著或极显著负相关;硫苷与纬度、海拔、降雨量呈显著正相关;芥酸与海拔呈显著正相关,与极端高温则相反。【结论】生态因子对春油菜农艺及品质性状的影响不尽相同,总体上,随着海拔的升高,除角果性状外,春油菜农艺性状变差,含油量趋于优质,芥酸及硫苷趋于劣质。
译 名：
Analysis of Differences in Traits of Spring Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) in Different Ecological Regions of Tibet
作 者：
YUAN Yuting;Institute of Agriculture, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences;
关键词：
Tibet;;spring rapeseed(Brassica napus L.);;ecological regions;;ecological factor
摘 要：
【Objective】The adaptability of spring rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) in different ecological regions of Tibet was studied in order to obtain the primary climatic factors which influenced the growth and development of spring rapeseed. 【Methods】Three varieties of spring rapeseed were planted in five pilots of different altitude( Duilong County, Gongga County, Bailang County, Zhalang County and Lhasa City) to detect their agronomic and main quality traits.【Results】After being planted in the high-altitude ecological area, period of emergence to bolting of the spring rapeseed was postponed for 8 days(Zangyou 12), and bolting to beginning of flowering was postponed for 6 days(Jinghua 165). The altitude was the greatest influence factor on the number of pods per plant, the decreased number of which was 25(Dadi 95). The maximum increased number of seeds per siliqua was 6.4(Jinghua 165), and the 1000-seed weight was increased by 1.01 g(Zangyou 12). The content of oil was increased by 2.55%(Zangyou 12), the content of glucosinolate increased by 15.3 μmol/g(Dadi-95) and the content of erucic acid(Zangyou 12) increased by 5.00%. The result of correlation analysis showed that the number of pods per plant and seed number per siliqua presented a significantly positive correlation with latitude, altitude, rainfall, and extremely high temperature. The number of pods per plant was significantly negative correlated with the average evaporation. The 1 000-seed weight presented a significantlypositive correlation with the extremely low temperature and the average evaporation, while it presented a significantly negative correlation with altitude and extremely high temperature. The content of oil presented a significantly positive correlation with attitude, and a significant or extremely significant negative correlation with temperature factor. The content of glucosinolate presented a significantly positive correlation with latitude, altitude, and rainfall. The content of erucic acid showed a significantly positive correlation with altitude, while showed negative correlation with extremely high temperature.【Conclusion】The effects of ecological factors on the agronomic and quality traits of B. napus L. were different. In general, with the increase of altitude, the agronomic traits of spring rapeseed were poor(except for the trait of siliqua), the content of oil tended to be high quality, and the contents of glucosinolate and erucic acid tended to be inferior.
