单 位：
山东省农业科学院农产品研究所;齐鲁工业大学山东省微生物工程重点实验室山东省农业科学院农产品研究所
关键词：
‘赤霞珠’葡萄;葡萄卷叶病;果实品质;花色苷
摘 要：
【目的】探讨葡萄卷叶病对酿酒葡萄果实品质指标的影响。【方法】以未表现卷叶病症状的‘赤霞珠’葡萄为对照,在成熟期测定了感染卷叶病‘赤霞珠’葡萄果粒的大小、可溶性固形物含量,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定葡萄可溶性糖含量、有机酸含量和花色苷含量。【结果】卷叶病使葡萄果实的大小和质量、可溶性固形物含量显著降低;可溶性糖含量显著降低,葡萄糖和果糖的总量仅为对照组葡萄的69.29%;有机酸总量略微升高,但未达到显著水平,染病葡萄果皮和果肉中的草酸含量显著降低,苹果酸含量显著升高;5种基本花色苷单体的含量显著降低,总量仅为对照组‘赤霞珠’葡萄果皮单体总量的26.12%。其中,矢车菊素类花色苷所占比例降低,甲基化类花色苷所占的比例升高。【结论】葡萄卷叶病导致‘赤霞珠’葡萄着色不良,品质严重下降。
译 名：
Effect of grapevine leafroll disease on the berry quality of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon'
作 者：
HAN Aiqin;HAN Ning;ZHAO Yue;LIU Junxi;LI Ruirui;MIAO Liping;JIANG Kaikai;ZHAO Xinjie;Shandong Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering, Qilu University of Technology;Institute of AgroFood Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;
关键词：
‘Cabernet Sauvignon' grape;;Grapevine leafroll disease;;Berry quality;;Anthocyanins
摘 要：
[Objective]Grapevine leafroll disease occurring in all grape-producing countries worldwide,is a very complex viral disease,which affects yield and quality of wine grapes.This disease is thus harmful to wine industry.However,it is still unknown how leafroll disease influences berry quality.In a broad sense,grape berry quality covers a range of chemical constituents such as sugars,acids,phenolics,etc.Previous studies on grape quality focused chiefly on total sugars,total acids and total anthocyanins in berries.In this study,the effect of grapevine leafroll disease on berry quality of 'Cabernet Sauvignon ' was investigated,especially on soluble sugars,organic acids and individual anthocyanins.[Methods]The berries were collected in September 2014 from GLRaVs-infected Cabernet Sauvignon vines and from vines without symptoms of grapevine leafroll disease(GLD) grown in the vineyards of the Great Wall Wine Co.,Ltd.in Yantai,China.Some of the samples were used to measure fruit size,weight,TSS,soluble sugars and organic acids,and the remaining berries were peeled and the skin ground in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle and then freeze-dried.The freeze-dried power was preserved in-80 ℃ for the analysis of anthocyanin composition.Total soluble solid(TSS) content was measured by a Brix meter.Soluble sugars,organic acids and individual anthocyanins were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).HPLC analyses were carried out using a Shimadzu(LC-20 A,Japan) HPLC system.Separation of soluble sugars,organic acids and anthocyanins were performed in an Agilent ZORBAX NH2 column(Agilent,USA),Thermo scientific Hypersil GOLD aQ column(Thermo scientific,USA),and YMCTriart C18 column(YMC,Japan)(250 mmX4.6 mm;5-Micron),respectively.The mobile phase for anthocyanin analysis consisted of water/formic acid(90:10,V/V;solvent A) and formic acid/ acetonitrile(10:90,V/V;solvent B) using a gradient program consisting of concentration increase of B from 0% to 3% in 1min,from 3% to 15%in 11 min,from 15%to 25%in 12 min,from 25% to 30% in 4 min,from 30% to 3% in 4 min,and from 3% to 3% in 18 min at a flow rate of 1 mL·min~(-1).The total run time was 50 min and the injection volume for all samples was 10 uL.Detection wavelength was 525 nm.Calculation of the concentrations of individual anthocyanins was done based on mixed external standards of five anthocyanins,delphinidin-3-O-glucoside,cyanidin-3-O-glucoside,petunidin-3-O-glucoside,peonidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-O-glucoside.[Results]The results showed that the size,weight and TSS content of mature berries were significantly decreased by GLRaVs infection compared with the GLRaVs-uninfected control.TSS was reduced from 19.83% to 14.17% and the concentrations of soluble sugars were also significantly reduced.The sum of the fructose and glucose contents in mature berries from infected vines was69.29%of that of the control.Although the content of total organic acids in the infected berries had no significant change,oxalic acid content decreased and malic acid content increased significantly in both berry skin and pulp.In addition,anthocyanin content in grape skin from the infected vines reduced to 26.12% that of the control.The percentage of cyanidin-derived anthocyanins against total anthocyanin content decreased from 12.33% to 11.34%,while that of the methylated anthocyanins increased to 93.48% in the infected berries.[Conclusion]Grapevine leafroll disease had a harmful effect on the productivity of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' since it reduced berry size and weight.The content of soluble sugars decreased,while the content of total organic acids increased in the infected berries.Therefore,grapevine leafroll disease could interrupt the normal ripening process of grape berry.GLRaVs might decrease the contents of the five anthocyanins through repressing the enzyme activities and genes expression related to anthocyanin biosynthesis.The percentage of cyanidin-derived anthocyanins of total anthocyanin content was reduced possibly because flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase(F3'H) genes were more sensitive to the infection of GLRaVs.Besides,changes in the expression of anthocyanin O-methyltransferase(AOMT) genes might explain the increase of the percentage of methylated anthocyanins.All in all,grapevine leafroll disease has a negative effect on berry yield,coloring and sugar accumulation,which damages the berry quality,causing further economic loss to wine industry.
