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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 氮肥品种和含水量对水稻土N_2O排放速率及排放过程的影响 农业环境科学学报 2017 (12) 2553-2560
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of nitrogen fertilization and water content on the process and rate of N_2O emission in paddy soils Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2017 (12) 2553-2560

氮肥品种和含水量对水稻土N_2O排放速率及排放过程的影响

作  者：
席瑞泽;付庆灵;杨永强;尤锦伟;朱俊;胡红青;叶磊
关键词：
N2O;水稻土;自养硝化;异养硝化;非生物作用
摘  要：
稻田是全球重要的N_2O排放源,氮肥有效性和水分状况是影响稻田N_2O排放的关键因素。为探明水稻土在施用尿素和硫酸铵时,水分变化对短时间内N_2O总排放速率及不同硝化过程(自养硝化、异养硝化、非生物作用)贡献的影响,通过室内培养实验,采用乙炔抑制法,测定了不同时间段N_2O释放量,并计算释放速率。结果表明:施用氮肥可以显著提高自养硝化、异养硝化及总过程的N_2O排放速率,并且施尿素处理N_2O排放速率大于施硫酸铵。随着土壤水分含量由48%增加至160%,总N_2O排放速率以及自养硝化、异养硝化N_2O排放速率显著增加。供试水稻土N_2O的产生主要是由生物过程主导的,其中硝化作用(包括自养硝化、异养硝化)最高贡献达51.1%,非生物作用贡献所占比重很小。这些结果可为科学施肥,降低农田土壤N_2O排放提供科学依据。
译  名：
Effects of nitrogen fertilization and water content on the process and rate of N_2O emission in paddy soils
作  者：
XI Rui-ze;FU Qing-ling;YANG Yong-qiang;YOU Jin-wei;ZHU Jun;HU Hong-qing;YE Lei;College of Resource and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University;Tuanlin Irrigation Experimental Station,Zhanghe Water Engineering Authority;
关键词：
N2O;;paddy soils;;autotrophic nitrification;;heterotrophic nitrification;;abiotic nitrification
摘  要：
Paddy soil is an important source of N_2O emission, and nitrogen availability and soil moisture are the key factors affecting the emission of N_2O. The influence of nitrogen form(urea and ammonium sulfate)and water content on the attribution of autotrophic, heterotrophic, and abiotic nitrification to N_2O emission from the paddy soil was investigated under simulated conditions by using the acetylene inhibition method to measure the N_2O emission rate at different stages. The results showed that the nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the rate of N_2O emission by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes and the total process. The N_2O emission of the soil treated with urea was higher than that of the soil treated with ammonium sulfate. With the soil moisture content ranging from 48% to 160%, the total N_2O emissions and the amount of N_2O emitted by autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification processes increased significantly. The production of N_2O is mainly dominated by the biological processes. The highest contribution of the biological nitrification process(including autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification)reached 51.1%, but the contribution of abiotic nitrification was relatively less. These results provide a scientific base for improving the nitrogen-use efficiency of rice plants and for reducing the agricultural greenhouse-gas emission in paddy soils.

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