摘 要：
为了研究施肥对油菜产量效果、经济效益和品质效益的影响,在豫南稻-油轮作地区,以双低品种和双高品种油菜为研究对象,农民习惯施肥为对照,研究了平衡施肥处理(NPKB),缺氮(-N)、缺磷(-P)、缺钾(-K)和缺硼(-B)对油菜产量效果、经济效益和品质效益的影响。结果表明,两个品种平衡施肥处理(NPKB)的产量和经济效益均最高,农民习惯施肥产量和经济效益显著低于平衡施肥处理(NPKB)。徳油8号产量降低29%,收益减少1 290元/hm~2,施肥效益降低25%;中油821产量降低32%,收益减少2 225元/hm~2,施肥经济效益降低51%。氮、磷、钾、硼任一元素缺乏,均显著降低油菜产量和经济效益,双低油菜徳油8号的产量分别降低了32%、14%、20%、17%,施肥经济效益分别减少了1 544、401、626、1 310元/hm~2;双高油菜中油821产量分别降低了44%、27%、16%、35%,施肥经济效益分别减少了2 122、1 151、166、2 471元/hm~2;两个品种平衡施肥处理(NPKB)的含油量显著高于其他处理,硫甙和芥酸含量显著低于其他处理。相同的施肥条件下,徳油8号产量比中油821高6.1%～43.4%,产值增加365～1 987元/hm~2,施肥经济效益提高8%～52%。说明在相同的施肥及栽培条件下,双低油菜比双高油菜高产高效,在豫南稻-油轮作区油菜种植中应选择双低油菜品种,并重视氮、磷、钾、硼的合理配施,以获得高产高效,提升油菜籽品质。
译 名：
Effects of fertilization on yield and quality of brassica napus in the rice-rapeseed rotation system in the southern Henan province
作 者：
XIAO Rong-ying;LI Yin-shui;CAO Shi-pan;LIAN Zi-wen;Xinyang College of Agricultural and Forestry University;Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology & Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs;
关键词：
rice-rapeseed rotation;;rapeseed;;yield;;profit;;quality
摘 要：
To study the effect of different fertilizer treatments on yield,profit and quality of rapeseed,field experiment was conducted in the southern part of Henan with double low rapeseed and double high rapeseed variety as the experimental material.Six fertilizer treatments were designed,i.e.farmers' fertilizer practice treatment,balanced fertilizer treatment(NPKB),nitrogen deficiency treatment(-N),phosphorus deficiency treatment(-P),potassium deficiency treatment(-K),boron deficiency treatment(-B).The results showed that the deficiency of N,P,K and B significantly affected rapeseed yield and profit.Yield and profit of farmers' fertilizer practice treatment were significantly lower than that of balanced fertilizer treatment(NPKB).For double-low rapeseed DE oil no. 8 varieties,the yield,profit,the fertilizer benefit were reduced by 29%,1 290 Yuan/hm~2,and 25% respectively.And for the double low rapeseed of Zhongyou 821,the yield,profit,the fertilizer benefit were reduced by 32%,2 225 Yuan/hm~2,and 51% respectively. Compared with the NPKB treatment,the lack of any element of nitrogen(-N),phosphorus(-P),potassium(-K)and boron(-B)significantly reduced the yield and economic benefits of rapeseed.The yield of double-low rapeseed DE oil no. 8 varieties was reduced by 32%,14%,20% and 17%,respectively.The economic benefits of fertilization were reduced by 1 544,401,626 and 1 310 Yuan/hm~2,respectively.The yield of double-high rapeseed Zhongyou 821 was reduced by 44%,27%,16% and 35% respectively,and the economic benefits of fertilization were reduced by 2 122, 1 151,166 and 2 471 Yuan/hm~2 respectively.Seed oil content of the two cultivars increased under NPKB treatment compared with others treatments.Contrarily,the contents of erucic acid and glucosinolate in seed were significantly decreased under NPKB compared with those treatments.Under the same fertilization conditions,the yield of DE oil no. 8 was 6.1% ～ 43.4% higher than Zhongyou 821,the income was increased by 365 ～ 1 987 yuan/hm~2,and the economic benefit of fertilization was increased by 8% ～ 52%.The results showed that under the same fertilization and cultivation conditions,double low rapeseed was more productive and efficient than the double high rapeseed.It was concluded that double low rapeseed varieties should be selected in rapeseed cultivation,and the combination of N,P,K,and B fertilizers significantly increased both rapeseed yield,use efficiency and quality,and should be crucial for the production of rapeseed in the southern of Henan Province.
