作 者：
玛哈巴丽·朱满;安沙舟;吐尔逊娜依·热依木;孙宗玖;靳瑰丽;赛力克宝勒
单 位：
新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院/新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室/西部干旱荒漠区草地资源与生态实验室
摘 要：
【目的】比较分析"暖季放牧、冷季舍饲"生产经营方式与传统自由放牧方式下草地植物群落变化特征,为典型草原家庭牧场选择一种相对合理的草地利用方式提供科学依据。【方法】以天山北坡中段的昌吉市阿什里哈萨克民族乡为研究区域,选择典型牧户,采用入户调查与现场实测相结合的方法。【结果】(1)随着放牧时间的延续,家庭牧场示范户和对照户群落盖度、高度、密度及地上生物量均呈先增加-后降低的趋势,7月、8月达到最高值。不同月份草地群落盖度、高度、密度及地上生物量表现为8月>7月>6月>9月。示范户1、示范户2、示范户3与对照户盖度之间差异不显著(P>0.05);示范户2与对照户高度、密度之间有显著差异(P<0.05),其余各户之间无显著差异(P>0.05);示范户1与对照户草场植被地上生物量之间有显著差异(P<0.05),示范户2与示范户1、3之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。暖季放牧、冷季舍饲和暖季放牧、冷季放牧+补饲等生产经营方式牧户草场的草场植被状况好于传统放牧。(2)草地笼内植物群落盖度、高度、密度、地上生物量分别比笼外提高24.32%、23.1%、12.59%、37.61%。(3)通过围笼封育30 d后对照户笼内可食牧草显著增加。对照户笼内可食牧草产量最高,即191.26 g/m2,比示范户1、2、3分别提高39.01%、21.61%、10.67%。示范户1、2、3的笼内不可食牧草产量比对照户分别降低68.32%、24.72%、43.11%,其中示范户1的笼内不可食牧草产量最低,即54.19 g/m2,比对照户降低68.32%。【结论】"暖季放牧、冷季舍饲"这种新的生产方式下,天然草地利用状况好于传统的自由放牧,可以有效地减轻草地的压力,保护草原生态环境,改善草原植被状况。
译 名：
Analysis on the Pasture Vegetation Characteristics of Typical Herders in Middle Section of the Northern Slope of Tianshan Mountain
作 者：
Mahabali Zhuman;AN Sha-zhou;Tuerxunnayi Reyimu;SUN Zong-jiu;JIN Gui-li;Sailikebaole;College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences / Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang,Xinjiang Agricultural University;
关键词：
family ranch;;grassland vegetation;;dynamic monitoring
摘 要：
Objective In order to select a relatively reasonable grassland use patterns and provide a scientific basis for a typical prairie family ranch,this study compared the variation of the grassland plant communities between " the warm season grazing and cool-season stabling way" and the traditional free grazing.MethodThe research,which was conducted in Ashili Kazak National Township of Changji City in the middle section of the northern slope for the study area,selected typical herders by means of the method of combining the household survey and field measurement.Result( 1) With the continuation of grazing time,the grassland vegetation community coverage,height,density and above ground biomass of the family ranch demonstration households and the control households all showed first increasing and then decreasing tendency,which reached the highest value in July,August. Different months grassland community coverage,height,density and above ground biomass showed August > July > June > September. There was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) between the demonstration households 1,demonstration households 2,demonstration households 3 grassland vegetation cover and the control households. There were significant differences( P < 0. 05)between the demonstration households 2 and control households grassland vegetation height,density,there was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) between the rest households. There were significant differences( P <0. 05) between the demonstration households 1 and control households grassland vegetation above ground biomass,there was no significant difference( P > 0. 05) between the rest of the demonstration households.Warm season grazing,the barn feeding of cool-season and warm-season grazing,cold quarter grazing +supplementation production operation mode of herders pasture grassland vegetation situation was better than the traditional grazing.( 2) Grassland plant communities cover,height,density,aboveground biomass in the cage were increased by 24. 32%,23. 1%,12. 59% and 37. 61% than those outside the cage.( 3) 30 days after the fencing,the edible forage of the control households in the cage was increased significantly. The edible forage yield of the control households in the cage was the highest( 191. 26 g / m2),which were increased by39. 01%,21. 61% and 10. 67% than the demonstration households 1,2,3 respectively. The inedible forage yield of the demonstration households 1,2,3 in the cage were reduced by 68. 32%,24. 72%,43. 11% than those of the control households,in which the inedible forage yield of the demonstration households1 was the lowest( 54. 19 g / m2) in the cage,which,compared with the control households,was reduced by 68. 32%.ConclusionUnder the new mode of production of the warm season grazing and cool-season stabling,the utilization of natural grassland is better than the traditional free grazing,which can effectively alleviate the pressure of the grass,protect the grassland ecological environment and improve the grassland vegetation conditions.
