单 位：
内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院;北京市农林科学院草业与环境研究发展中心
摘 要：
采用葡萄(Vitis vinifera)园行间单播草地雀麦(Bromus riparius)、单播野牛草(Buchloe dactyloides)、草地雀麦和野牛草混播3种人工种草方法,以清耕裸露地和自然生草地为对照,分析人工植草对葡萄园生态环境的改善作用,筛选果草间作的适宜草种。结果表明,人工植草可以快速增加葡萄园行间地上生物量,提高植被覆盖度和地表粗糙度。其中,野牛草播种3个月后,地表覆盖度可达88.5%,当年地上生物量达到4 016.2kg.hm-2,地表粗糙度较裸露地增加2.4倍以上,同时提高葡萄坐果前和采收后土壤温度,减弱近地表气温与空气湿度剧烈变化,稳定葡萄园微环境小气候,且不同生态草中野牛草表现突出;生态草种植还可以改善葡萄园土壤水分状况,调节不同深度土壤水分分布格局,增加0～20cm深度土壤含水量和减少20cm以下土层含水量;野牛草和草地雀麦种植还可以降低土壤容重和紧实度,减少耕作层速效磷含量,混播后还可增加土壤速效钾含量,有利于果实品质提高。
译 名：
Effects of undergrowth on eco-environment in vineyards
作 者：
Baderihu1,2,SUN Tie-jun2,ZHANG Ying-juan1(1.Institute of Life Science and Technology,Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010022,China; 2.Beijing Research and Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
关键词：
intercrop with the grape and grass;vineyard;Bromus riparius;Buchloe dactyloides
摘 要：
In order to analyze the effects of pasture establishment on eco-environment in vineyards and select pasture species sown in vineyards,monoculture Bromus riparius,Buchloe dactyloides and mixed B.riparius/B.dactyloides were used.The results showed that above-ground biomass,vegetation cover and surface roughness of pastures in mid rows increased after pasture establishment in the vineyard.Especially,above-ground biomass and coverage of monoculture B.dactyloides pasture were 4 016.2 kg·ha-1 and 88.5%,respectively,and its surface roughness could be over 2.4 times of the bare soil after sowing for three months.The soil temperature in the 0-5 cm soil layer rose before bear fruit and after fruit harvest.The change of strength on near-surface air temperature and moisture were weakened and mini-environment and mini-climate in the vineyard improved.B.dactyloides was better performed than others.Meanwhile,soil moisture improved and water distributing structure changed in the soil due to pasture establishment in vineyards.Water content increased in the 0-20 cm layer and decreased under the 20 cm layer obviously.After monoculture B.dactyloides and B.riparius for a year,soil bulk density,soil compactiveness and available phosphorous decreased in the arable layer,while available potassium increased after sowing mixed B.dactyloides/B.riparius,which was beneficial to the fruit quality.
