单 位：
黑龙江省水利科学研究院;黑龙江省寒区农业节水工程重点实验室
关键词：
粳稻;节水灌溉;栽培模式;移栽种植;直播种植
摘 要：
【目的】缓解农业水资源供需矛盾,保障粳稻种植可持续发展,开展不同灌溉栽培模式下粳稻生长特性、耗水规律研究,为粳稻节水栽培技术提供支撑。【方法】利用称重式蒸渗仪,设置了湿润灌溉(SR)、控制灌溉(KZ)、浅湿灌溉(QS)3种节水灌溉方式,水直播(SZB)、旱直播(HZB)2种栽培模式,分析了不同节水灌溉方式和栽培模式下粳稻生长特性、耗水规律、产量及其构成因素。【结果】相同栽培模式不同节水灌溉方式下,KZ处理在有效分蘖数、耗水量、产量方面均最优,水分生产率与SR处理相当,是最优的节水高产灌溉制度;QS处理耗水量比KZ处理高19.90%,产量比KZ处理低4.22%,水分生产率比KZ处理低20.11%,产生无效分蘖多,株高高于KZ处理;SR处理水分控制严格,粳稻有效分蘖不足,耗水量低、水分生产率高,但产量远低于KZ处理和QS处理。相同节水灌溉方式不同栽培模式下,直播种植模式在生长期上较移栽种植滞后,但分蘖中后期直播种植分蘖和耗水表现出补偿效应,SZB处理分蘖数与KZ处理基本持平,HZB处理补偿效应后劲不足;直播种植在同种节水灌溉方式下产量低于移栽种植,HZB处理尤为明显,与移栽条件下不同节水灌溉方式相比,SZB处理产量优于SR处理,水分生产率优于QS处理;同种节水灌溉方式下直播和移栽种植生育期耗水量差异较小,综合比较,SZB处理推广前景优于HZB处理。【结论】在灌溉制度方面,控制灌溉为粳稻最优节水灌溉制度,浅湿灌溉次之;在栽培模式方面,移栽仍是高产稳产的最佳栽培模式,水直播在省工方面优势明显,具有推广前景。
译 名：
Change in Japonica Rice Growth Traits with Agronomic Cultivation and Water-saving Irrigation
作 者：
SUN Xuemei;HUANG Yan;SUN Yanling;Heilongjiang Province Hydraulic Research Institute;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Saving Engineering in Cold Region of Heilongjiang Province;
关键词：
japonica rice;;water-saving irrigation;;cultivation practices;;transplant;;direct seed drilling
摘 要：
【Objective】One constraint in agricultural production in many regions of China is the imbalance between the dwindling water resources and the increasing demand of different sectors for it. Implementing saving-water irrigation to partly thirst the crops without compromising their yields is one of many solutions. Taking japonica rice as an example, this paper is to investigate the response of its growth traits and yield to change in irrigation and cultivation.【Method】The experiment was conducted in lysimeters and compared three irrigations: deep wetting irrigation(SR), controlled irrigation(KZ) and shallow wet irrigation(QS). For each irrigation, there were two cultivations: direct seed drilling in water(SZB) and direct dry seed drilling(HZB), with traditional transplant cultivation used as the control. In each treatment, we measured the growth traits, water consumption, yield and yield components of the crop.【Result】When the seed drilling was the same, KZ was most effective in terms of tillering,water consumption and grain yield; its water productivity was comparable to that of SR-the optimal irrigation giving the highest yield. Compared to KZ, QS increased water consumption by 19.90%, reduced yield and water productivity by 4.22% and 20.11% respectively. SR was least effective in tillering, despite leading to higher plant height than KZ; it had the lowest water consumption and highest water productivity, but its yield was much lower than that of KZ and QS. When the irrigation method was the same, the direct seed drilling delayed crop growth in the initial stage compared to the control, but this can be compensated for in the middle-late tillering stage, especially SZB whose tiller numbers were approximately the same as that of the control. Under the same irrigation, the yield of direct seeding was lower than that of the control, especially HZB. Compared with the control, under different irrigation methods the yield of SZB was higher than that of SR and its water productivity was higher than that of QS.There was a little difference in water consumption between the two seed drilling methods when the irrigation method was the same. Comparative analysis showed that, on average, SZB was superior to HZB.【Conclusion】In terms of irrigation, controlled irrigation was most effective in saving water use of the japonica rice, followed by the shallow wet irrigation. In terms of cultivation, transplant had the highest yield regardless of the irrigation methods.
