关键词：
中华绒螯蟹幼蟹;发酵棉籽粕;豆粕;免疫功能;抗氧化能力;肠道组织结构;肠道菌群
摘 要：
本试验旨在研究发酵棉籽粕替代饲料中不同比例豆粕对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能、血淋巴生化指标、肝胰腺抗氧化指标、肠道组织结构与菌群的影响.以发酵棉籽粕替代基础饲料中0、20%、40%、60%、80%的豆粕,配制5种等氮等脂的试验饲料,分别命名为FCM0(作为对照)、FCM20、FCM40、FCM60和FCM80,饲喂初始体重为(0.38±0.01)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹8周.结果显示:发酵棉籽粕替代不同比例豆粕对幼蟹的成活率、增重率以及特定生长率均无显著影响(P>0.05).FCM40组肝胰腺指数最高,显著高于FCM0和FCM80组(P<0.05).发酵棉籽粕替代不同比例豆粕对全蟹水分、粗脂肪和粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响(P>0.05).FCM60组血淋巴中酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),血淋巴谷丙转氨酶活性显著低于其他各组(P<0.05).与对照组相比,各替代组(FCM20、FCM40、FCM60和FCM80组)幼蟹肝胰腺还原型谷胱甘肽含量显著升高(P<0.05),FCM60和FCM80组总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著升高(P<0.05),FCM80组幼蟹肠道组织结构出现明显损伤.发酵棉籽粕替代40%的豆粕不会对幼蟹肠道菌群α多样性产生显著影响(P>0.05),不会改变肠道主要菌群结构.综上所述,在本试验条件下,发酵棉籽粕替代20%~80%的豆粕对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长性能无显著影响,但以替代比例为20%时生长性能较好;以肝胰腺和肠道健康为评价指标,发酵棉籽粕替代豆粕比例不宜超过40%.
译 名：
Effects of Fermented Cottonseed Meal Replacing Soybean Meal on Growth Performance,Immune Function,Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Health of Chinese Mitten Crab(Eriocheir sinensis)Juveniles
单 位：
Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development,National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Breeding and Nutrition,College of Life Science,Huzhou University,Huzhou 313000,China
关键词：
Chinese mitten crab juveniles%fermented cottonseed meal%soybean meal%immune function%antioxidant capacity%intestinal tissue structure%intestinal flora
摘 要：
This experiment aimed to study the effects of fermented cottonseed meal(FCM)replacing soybean meal on growth performance,hemolymph biochemical indexes,hepatopancreas antioxidant indexes,intestinal tissue structure and flora of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)juveniles.The fermented cottonseed meal was used to replace 0,20%,40%,60%and 80%soybean meal in the diet,and 5 iso-nitrogen and iso-energy experimental diets were configured,which were referred as FCM0(as control),FCM20,FCM40,FCM60 and FCM80,respectively.Chinese mitten crab juveniles with an initial body weight of(0.38±0.01)g were fed by experimental diets for 8 weeks.The results showed as follows:replacing different proportions of soybean meal with fermented cottonseed meal had no significant differences in survival rate(SR),weight gain rate(WGR)and special growth ratio(SGR)(P>0.05).The hepatosomatic index in FCM40 group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in FCM0 and FCM80 groups(P<0.05).No significant effects were found in the contents of moisture,crude lipid and crude protein of whole body when different proportions of soybean meal replaced by fermented cottonseed meal(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the activities of hemolymph acid phosphatase(ACP)and alkaline phosphatase(AKP)in FCM60 group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05),while the hemolymph alanine transaminase(ALT)activity was significantly lower than those in other groups(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the hepatopancreas reduced glutathione(GSH)content in replacing groups(FCM20,FCM40,FCM60 and FCM80 groups)was significantly increased,the hepatopancreas total antioxidant ability(T-AOC)in FCM60 and FCM80 groups was significantly increased,and the intestine structure was obviously damaged in FCM80 group.There was no significant difference in the intestinal floraαdiversity between control group and FCM40 group(P>0.05),indicating that replacement of 40%soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal did not affect the intestinal main flora structure of juvenile crabs.Therefore,replacement of 40%soybean meal by fermented cottonseed meal has no significant effects on growth performance of Chinese mitten crab juveniles under this experimental condition,However,the growth performance is better when the replacement proportion is 20%.The proportion of fermented cottonseed meal replacing soybean meal should not exceed 40%based on hepatopancreas and intestine health as evaluation indexes.
