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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 水文变异条件下水库生态调度研究 农业机械学报 2016,47 (4) 146-154+381
Position: Home > Articles > Reservoir Ecological Operation under Condition of Hydrological Variability Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery 2016,47 (4) 146-154+381

水文变异条件下水库生态调度研究

作  者：
徐淑琴;苏鑫;王莉莉;路豪杰;景晓彤
单  位：
东北农业大学水利与建筑学院
关键词：
水库;生态调度;变异点诊断;混合时间尺度;水量平衡方程;萤火虫算法
摘  要：
为了降低水库调度对河流生态系统的影响,针对尼尔基水库的生态问题,结合水文变异诊断系统,制定了有效的生态调度方案。首先,利用水文变异诊断分析水文时间序列,确定人类不同扰动下的时间节点,并考虑东北地区具有冰封期的特点,推求了混合时间尺度下的天然、次天然及现状生态径流过程;其次,建立以最大发电量为目标、多种生态径流过程为约束的尼尔基水库生态调度模型;最后,根据水量平衡方程生成初始种群,采用归一化方法将变量约束至同一感知半径内,利用萤火虫算法优化5种约束条件下的调度过程。结果表明,在现有调度规则下,河流原有的生态系统得不到有效的保护,对于来水较多的年份弃水较多,水量得不到合理的利用;考虑水文变异的生态调度,可以在水量不足的年份以降低生态目标的方式为决策者提供较低生态保证程度的调度方案,减轻对河流生态系统的破坏程度;水库发电目标与生态目标间的矛盾在枯水期较为明显,而在丰水期可以得到有效地缓解,需要决策者在不同时期做出科学的决策。
译  名：
Reservoir Ecological Operation under Condition of Hydrological Variability
作  者：
Xu Shuqin;Su Xin;Wang Lili;Lu Haojie;Jing Xiaotong;College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University;
关键词：
reservoir;;ecological operation;;variation points diagnosis;;mixing time scale;;water balance equation;;firefly algorithm
摘  要：
In order to reduce the effect of reservoir operation on river ecological system and solve the ecological problems of Nilki reservoir,an effective ecological scheduling scheme was developed combined with the hydrological variation diagnosis system. Firstly,the hydrological time series was analyzed by hydrological diagnosis method to determine the time node of different human disturbances. Meanwhile,considering the icebound season characteristics in Northeast China,the natural ecological,poor natural and current runoff processes under the mixed time scale were calculated. Secondly,the Nilki reservoir ecological scheduling model restrained by multiple ecological runoff process was established aiming at maximizing the power generation capacity. Finally,according to the water balance equation,the initial population was generated by normalized method to restrict the variables to the same perception radius,and the scheduling process under five kinds of constraints was optimized by firefly algorithm. The results showed that the original river ecological system was not protected effectively under the existed dispatching rules,water was not reasonably used in wet year. Considering the hydrological variation of the ecological scheduling,a low ecological assurance level scheduling scheme was provided for decision-makers by reducing ecological objectives in dry year to reduce the damage to the river ecosystem. The contradiction between hydropower generation and ecological objectives was more obvious in dry season,and it was effectively alleviated in wet season. Therefore,decision-makers need to make scientific decisions in different periods.

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