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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 发酵处理对不同来源蚕沙中亚硝酸盐的降解效果试验 蚕业科学 2018 (3) 458-465
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of Fermentation on the Degradation of Nitrite in Silkworm Excrement from Different Sources Science of Sericulture 2018 (3) 458-465

发酵处理对不同来源蚕沙中亚硝酸盐的降解效果试验

作  者：
陈乐乐;黄静;邝哲师;周鹏飞;刘吉平;邹宇晓;潘木水;廖森泰
单  位：
华南农业大学动物科学学院;广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所
关键词：
蚕沙;饲料用;发酵;亚硝酸盐
摘  要：
蚕沙中丰富的养分使其具有饲料开发潜力,但蚕沙中的亚硝酸盐含量较高影响到了饲料的饲喂安全性,故采用发酵处理方法降解蚕沙中的亚硝酸盐。收集地面条桑育、地面条桑育+膨润土、地面条桑育+沸石粉、网上条桑育4种养蚕模式饲养熟蚕或5龄第2天幼虫的蚕沙,辅以玉米粉、麦麸、豆粕,以乳酸杆菌、酿酒酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌为发酵菌种,在32℃条件下保持物料体系水分质量分数为45%进行发酵,检测发酵后样品的亚硝酸盐含量、有机酸(乳酸、柠檬酸、乙酸)含量、p H值、亚硝酸还原酶活力。结果发现:4种家蚕饲养模式来源蚕沙发酵试验组在发酵过程中,物料中的亚硝酸盐含量变化趋势均为先上升后下降,各组间在发酵40 h内的各个时间点,物料中的亚硝酸盐含量有显著性差异(P<0.05),但发酵48 h后均未检出亚硝酸盐;发酵过程物料中的乳酸和柠檬酸含量变化分别为先下降后上升、先上升后下降,而乙酸含量和亚硝酸还原酶活力波动范围较小;发酵物料的p H值随发酵进程逐渐降低,且在各取样时间点的差异具显著性(P<0.05)。试验结果表明,发酵处理可以有效降低蚕沙中的亚硝酸盐含量,综合考虑发酵过程物料中亚硝酸盐含量变化和家蚕饲养成本,认为利于饲料用蚕沙发酵处理的最佳养蚕模式为传统地面条桑育,蚕沙发酵处理时间在32~40 h之间为宜。
译  名：
Effect of Fermentation on the Degradation of Nitrite in Silkworm Excrement from Different Sources
作  者：
Chen Lele;Huang Jing;Kuang Zheshi;Zhou Pengfei;Liu Jiping;Zou Yuxiao;Pan Mushui;Liao Sentai;Sericulture and Agri-food Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences;College of Animal Science,South China Agricultural University;
关键词：
Silkworm excrement;;Feed;;Fermentation treatment;;Nitrite
摘  要：
Silkworm excrement is rich in nutrients that makes it a potential resource for feed industrial development. However,high content of nitrite in silkworm excrement affects its feeding safety. In this paper,fermentation process is used to degrade the nitrite in it. Silkworm excrements from 4 different silkworm rearing patterns,namely shoot rearing on the ground,shoot rearing on the ground with bentonite,shoot rearing on the ground with zeolite powder,and rearing silkworm on the net,were collected at silkworm mature stage or on day 2 of the 5 th larva instar. Lactobacillus,Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus subtilis were used as fermentation microorganisms. The fermentation was carried out at 32 ℃ and 45% moisture content in fermentation medium containing silkworm excrement,corn flour,wheat bran and soybean meal. The contents of nitrite,organic acids( including lactic acid,citric acid and acetic acid),p H value and nitrite reductase activity were measured. The results showed that the nitrite content in silkworm excrement from4 rearing patterns all increased first and then decreased.In the first 40 h,nitrite content in silkworm excrement from the 4 rearing patterns was significantly different( P <0. 05),and couldn't be detected after 48 h. During fermentation,lactic acid content in silkworm excrement decreased first and then increased,while citric acid content increased first and then decreased. Acetic acid content and nitrite reductase activity in silkworm excrement only changed a little. The p H value of fermentation materials decreased in the fermentation process,and showed significant differences( P<0. 05) between each sampling time point. This study showed that fermentation treatment can effectively reduce nitrite content in silkworm excrement. Considering the variation of nitrite content during fermentation and the cost of silkworm rearing comprehensively,the traditional shoot rearing on the ground is the most suitable rearing pattern for fermentation treatment to prepare feed material,and the optimal fermentation time is between 32 h and 40 h.

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