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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长期定位氮胁迫对小麦碳氮代谢、氮素利用及产量的影响 河南农业科学 2016,45 (12) 13-19
Position: Home > Articles > Effect of Long-term Nitrogen Stress on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism,Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences 2016,45 (12) 13-19

长期定位氮胁迫对小麦碳氮代谢、氮素利用及产量的影响

作  者：
张士昌;史占良;李孟军;李亚青;底瑞耀;李雁鸣
单  位：
石家庄市农林科学研究院;河北农业大学农学院
关键词：
小麦;长期定位;氮胁迫;碳氮代谢;氮素利用效率
摘  要：
利用大田长期氮肥定位试验,以施N 180 kg/hm2处理为对照,研究了氮胁迫(不施氮肥)对不同品质类型小麦(中筋小麦品种中麦895、强筋小麦品种石优20)碳氮代谢、氮素利用及产量的影响,以期为生产上的氮肥合理运筹提供理论依据。结果表明,氮胁迫条件下,2个小麦品种旗叶蔗糖含量(花后7~35 d)、旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶(SPS)活性(花后7~35 d)、籽粒蔗糖含量(花后21~35 d)、籽粒SPS活性(花后14~35 d)均较对照明显降低;2个小麦品种旗叶可溶性蛋白含量、硝酸还原酶(NR)活性、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性和籽粒GS活性均较对照明显降低;2个小麦品种开花期氮积累量、成熟期氮积累量、开花前氮转移量均较对照显著降低,而开花前氮转移率和开花前氮贡献率均较对照显著提高;2个小麦品种氮素籽粒生产效率、氮素吸收效率、氮素生理效率和氮素收获指数均较对照显著提高;2个小麦品种穗数、穗粒数和产量均较对照显著降低。综上,氮胁迫下小麦灌浆中后期碳、氮同化能力明显下降,氮素积累量降低,但对氮素的吸收能力增加,营养器官氮素向籽粒的转运比例增加,进而小麦植株对氮素的整体利用率得以提升,但小麦产量降低。
译  名：
Effect of Long-term Nitrogen Stress on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism,Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Wheat
作  者：
ZHANG Shichang;SHI Zhanliang;LI Mengjun;LI Yaqing;DI Ruiyao;LI Yanming;College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University;Shijiazhuang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences;
关键词：
wheat;;long-term location;;nitrogen stress;;carbon and nitrogen metabolism;;nitrogen use efficiency
摘  要：
In order to provide technical support for rational utilization of nitrogen fertilizer,the effects of nitrogen stress( no nitrogen fertilizer) on carbon-nitrogen metabolism,nitrogen use efficiency and grain yield of two different quality wheat cultivars( medium gluten wheat Zhongmai 895,strong gluten wheat Shiyou 20) were studied based on long-term in-situ field experiments with the treatment of N 180 kg / ha as control. The results showed that under nitrogen stress,compared with control,the sucrose contents( 7—35 d after anthesis) and SPS activities( 7—35 d after anthesis) in flag leaves,sucrose contents( 21—35 d after anthesis) and SPS activities( 14—35 d after anthesis) in grain decreased significantly in two wheat cultivars; the soluble protein contents,NR activities,GS activities in flag leaves and GS activities in grains decreased significantly in two wheat cultivars; the nitrogen accumulation at the anthesis and maturity stages,nitrogen transport from vegetative organs to grains all decreased significantly,but transport rate and contribution rate of pre-anthesis nitrogen accumulation to grains increased significantly in two wheat culti-vars; the grain production efficiency,nitrogen absorption efficiency,nitrogen physiological efficiency and nitrogen harvest index of two wheat cultivars all increased significantly; the spike number,grain number per spike and grain yield of two wheat cultivars decreased significantly. From the results above,under nitrogen stress,the carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the middle and late stage of grain filling and nitrogen accumulation amount decreased significantly,nitrogen uptake ability and transport proportion of nitrogen from vegetative organs to grains increased,which improved total utilization rate of nitrogen in wheat,but decreased grain yield.

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