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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 不同氮钾水平及氮形态差异对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响 农业环境科学学报 2020 (5) 1122-1129
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of different nitrogen and potassium levels and nitrogen forms on soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions Journal of Agro-Environment Science 2020 (5) 1122-1129

不同氮钾水平及氮形态差异对土壤氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放的影响

作  者：
夏淑洁;刘闯;袁晓良;李俊雅;李林洋;张润琴;李志国
单  位：
关键词：
氨挥发;氧化亚氮排放;钾素;氮肥利用效率
摘  要：
研究不同氮钾用量下土壤氨(NH_3)挥发和氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放,为确定氮钾肥合理施用和大气环境保护提供理论依据。盆栽实验共9个处理:N_0K_0、(NO_3~--N)50K35、(NO_3~--N)_(50)K_(80)、(NO_3~--N)_(100)K_(35)、(NO_3~--N)_(100)K_(80)、(NH_4~+-N)_(50)K_(35)、(NH_4~+-N)_(50)K_(80)、(NH_4~+-N)_(100)K_(35)、(NH_4~+-N)_(100)K_(80)。分别采用静态箱法和通气法采集N_2O和NH_3。氮肥显著增大了N_2O的排放通量和累积排放量以及NH_3的挥发速率和累积排放量。N_2O的平均排放通量和累积排放量从不施肥处理的15.8μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.17 mg·kg~(-1)增加到氮肥用量100 mg·kg~(-1)时的45.6μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.57 mg·kg~(-1)。NH_3挥发速率和累积排放量在氮肥用量为100 mg·kg~(-1)时达到最大,分别为1.5 kg·hm~(-2)·d~(-1)和4.18 mg·kg~(-1)。铵态氮为氮源的各处理N_2O排放通量和累积排放量以及NH_3挥发速率和累积排放量均高于以硝态氮为氮源的各处理。钾肥显著增大了NH_3挥发速率和累积排放量,但在低氮水平下,钾肥显著降低N_2O排放通量和累积排放量。化学氮肥施用量的增加是NH_3挥发和N_2O排放增加的主要因素,与硝态氮肥相比,铵态氮肥更易于NH_3和N_2O的排放。增施钾肥显著增大土壤NH_3挥发速率和排放量,但降低了土壤N_2O的排放通量,显著减少了整个生长季节N_2O的累积排放量。
译  名：
Effects of different nitrogen and potassium levels and nitrogen forms on soil ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions
作  者：
XIA Shu-jie;LIU Chuang;YUAN Xiao-liang;LI Jun-ya;LI Lin-yang;ZHANG Run-qin;LI Zhi-guo;College of Science, Tibet University;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences;Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences;
关键词：
ammonia volatilization;;nitrous oxide emissions;;potassium;;nitrogen use efficiency
摘  要：
Ammonia(NH_3)volatilization and nitrous oxide(N_2O)emissions in soils under different nitrogen(N)and potassium(K)levels were investigated, in order to provide data and a theoretical basis for the rational application of N and K fertilizers, and for atmospheric environmental protection. A pot experiment was carried out, which included 9 treatments:N_0K_0,(NO_3~--N)_(50)K_(35),(NO_3~--N)_(50)K_(80),(NO_3~--N)_(100)K_(35),(NO_3~--N)_(100)K_(80),(NH_4~+-N)_(50)K_(35),(NH_4~+-N)_(50)K_(80),(NH_4~+-N)_(100)K_(35), and(NH_4~+-N)_(100)K_(80). N_2O and NH_3 were collected by the static chamber method and aeration method, respectively. N fertilizer significantly increased the N_2O flux and cumulative emissions, as well as the NH_3 volatilization rate and cumulative emissions. The average N_2O flux and cumulative emissions increased from 15.8 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and 0.17 mg·kg~(-1) without fertilization to 45.6 μg·m~(-2)·h~(-1) and 0.57 mg·kg~(-1) with N fertilizer rates of 100 mg·kg~(-1). The volatilization rate and cumulative emissions of NH_3 also reached the maxima when the amount of N fertilizer was 100 mg·kg~(-1); the corresponding values were 1.5 kg·hm~(-2)·d-1 and 4.18 mg·kg~(-1). Treatments with ammonium as a N source had higher N_2O fluxes and cumulative emissions, and NH_3 volatilization rates and cumulative emissions, compared to the treatment with nitrate as the N source. K fertilizer significantly increased NH_3 volatilization rates and cumulative emissions. Under low N levels, K fertilizer significantly reduced N_2O fluxes and cumulative emissions. Increase of the chemical N fertilizer application rate is the main factor in the increase in NH_3 volatilization and N_2O emissions. Compared with nitrate N fertilizer, ammonium N fertilizer promotes NH_3 and N_2O emissions. Increasing the application of K fertilizer significantly increases the NH_3 volatilization rate and cumulative emissions, but significantly reduces the N_2O flux and cumulative emissions throughout the growing season.

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