单 位：
环境保护部环境工程评估中心;黄河流域水资源保护局
摘 要：
在河口地区植被类型、土地利用演变分析基础上,研究建立了黄河三角洲湿地生态补水的地表水-地下水模型,构建了湿地补水的景观生态决策支持系统和河口湿地生态需水的生态-水文模拟系统.选择丹顶鹤(Grusjaponensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和黑嘴鸥(Larus saundersi)为生态需水研究的指示物种,模拟补水量分别为2.8亿、3.5亿和4.2亿m3.模拟补水方案下,补水区域200m范围内地下水水位抬升1m以上,补水区域200~1000m范围内地下水水位抬升0.1~1m;植被类型演替,尤其是湿生沼泽、普通草甸、灌丛等面积增加;指示鸟类数量显著增加,生态承载力大幅提高,但承载水平并未随补水量持续增加而显著持续增长;湿地生态功能基本上得到恢复,湿地生态价值明显提高,但当水量增加到一定程度时,增加补水产生的生态价值差别较小.适宜的补水方案是:一般年份补水3.5亿m3,干旱年份补水4.2亿m3,湿润年份补水2.8亿m3.
单 位：
Environmental Engineering Assessment Centre,Ministry of Environment Protection,Beijing 100012,P.R.China%Yellow River Basin Water Resources Protection Bureau,Zhengzhou 450004,P.R.China
关键词：
freshwater wetland%eco-water supplement%Yellow River estuary
摘 要：
On the basis of vegetation forms and evolution analysis of land utilization in estuary district,the study set up the surface and underground water model of eco-water supplement in Yellow river delta.The landscape ecological decision support system of wetlands water supplement is formed.And it also built the eco-hydrology simulation system of ecological water compensation in the wetland of Yellow river estuary.Selecting Grus japonensis,Ciconia boyciana and Larus saundersi as the indicator species of eco-water requirement,the volume of simulation water supplement respectively is 2.8*108 m3,3.5*108 m3,4.2*108 m3.Under the plan of simulation water supplement,if the water supplement area is within 200 meters,the water level of underground would raise above 1 meter;if the area range from 200 to 1 000 meters,it would raise from 0.1 to 1 meter.The vegetation form succession exists,and the area of wet marshes,common meadow,brushwood and so on will increase;the indicator number of birds increase significantly,and the ecological bearing capacity improve drastically,but it can't improve with the increasing volume of water supplement;the ecological function of wetland will be recovered basically,and the ecological value of wetland improve obviously.When the water increase to a certain degree,the difference of ecological value would be smaller.It is suggested that the best plan for water supplement is to supply water 3.5*108 m3 in the common years,to supply water 4.2*108 m3 in the drought years and to supply water 2.8*108 m3 in the wetter years.
