关键词：
鱼道进口;三维κ-ε模型;数值模拟;诱鱼补水
摘 要：
常规鱼道的研究和设计大多侧重于其内部结构和水流条件等方面,对鱼道进口位置布置及结构优化的研究相对较少,往往存在鱼类发现并进入鱼道较为困难的情况.通过建立鱼道进口设计的生态水力学指标,提出了某项目集诱鱼进口所需要满足的流速范围为0.47~1.30 m/s,将鱼类游泳能力与鱼道进口流态指标相结合,用标准三维κ-ε模型数值模拟的方式,对以往鱼道进口位置的选择原则进行了验证,提出了一种可控流量、流速的新型诱鱼补水装置,对鱼道进口结构进行优化.该诱鱼补水装置利用局部水流落差,上游发电下泄水流进行诱鱼补水,避免采用自库区压力管道引水而产生的消能问题,降低了鱼道运行的成本;同时降低机组满发或发电流量较高时河段内的流速,可达到灵活调控诱鱼水流进而诱导鱼类进入鱼道完成洄游的效果,最终完成鱼道进口的优化,提高过鱼效果.
作 者：
CHEN Hai-yan;ZHAO Zai-xing;LI Chen-juan;Guizhou Radio & TV University;Power China Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited;Guizhou Jiaotong College;
关键词：
fish passage entrance;;three-dimensional k-ε model;;numerical simulation;;fish attracting and water replenishment
摘 要：
Location and structure optimization of fish passage inlets are key issues for fish passage design. Previous research has focused on the internal structure and appropriate water flow conditions in fish passages, but it is important to attract fish to the passage entrance. In this study, we studied the ecohydraulics of a proposed entrance design that attracts fish and provides water for a fish passage being designed for a hydropower station in southwest China. Ecohydraulic criteria were first established for the fish passage entrance, with a flow velocity in the range of 0.47-1.30 m/s, based on the swimming ability of target fish species and the flow pattern at the entrance. Numerical simulation was then carried out to verify the entrance location using the standard three-dimensional κ-ε turbulence model and hydraulic model test was used to optimize the entrance structure. Finally, the optimized entrance structure, with controllable water flow and velocity, was proposed for the fish passage. The device uses the discharge from upstream power generation as the water source, avoiding the energy dissipation that would result from diverting water in a pressured pipeline from the reservoir and reducing the cost of operating the fishway. Furthermore, the design allows regulation of flow so that a velocity that attracts fish entering the entrance can be achieved. The proposed design allows fish to successfully navigate the fish passage under different hydropower generating conditions and decreases the cost of operating the passage.
