单 位：
乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站;石河子大学农学院
关键词：
水氮一体化;施氮量;增铵营养;氮肥利用率;滴灌玉米
摘 要：
根据产量与施氮量函数模型计算滴灌玉米施氮量,并通过减氮增铵改善滴灌玉米氮素营养,探索滴灌水氮一体化下优化施氮策略。2013—2014年两年田间试验表明:玉米产量、干物质量及氮素吸收量均随施氮量的增加显著升高,当施氮量大于435 kg·hm-2时,则呈下降趋势,表现为N435>N540>N330>N225>N0;减氮增铵处理的上述指标表现为N375+CP>N375>75%N375+CP>N0,当施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2时,不同处理的玉米氮素吸收量与氮素收获指数差异均不显著,说明在此范围内减氮增铵对玉米干物质积累、玉米氮素营养及产量无负面影响;根据产量与施氮量间函数关系可得天山北坡滴灌玉米经济最佳产量17 049 kg·hm-2下的施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2;施氮和增铵处理可显著增加玉米穗粒数、单穗重;氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均随施氮量增加而下降,氮肥利用率表现为N225(46.6%)>N330(45.8%)>N435(43.6%)>N540(34.6%);滴灌玉米氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均以75%N375+CP处理最高,分别比施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2之间其他处理的平均值增加了31.4%、27.9%和5.8%、6.4%,说明减氮增铵可显著提高滴灌玉米氮素养分利用效率;天山北坡滴灌玉米优化施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2,通过施用硝化抑制剂与尿素水氮一体化分次施入可实现减氮93.8 kg·hm-2,并显著提高氮肥利用率。
译 名：
N recommendation and decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium for maize under drip irrigation condition
作 者：
XIA Wen-hao;LIU Tao;TANG Cheng;WANG Jin;CHU Gui-xin;College of Agronomy,Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group;Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station;
关键词：
water and nitrogen integrated management;;N application rate;;decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium;;nitrogen use efficiency;;maize under drip irrigation
摘 要：
In order to put forward an optimizing N fertilizer application strategy that achieves higher maize production as well as N utilization efficiency synchronously,two-year field plot experiment was carried out in crop growth season of 2013 and 2014. The amount of N was calculated according to the response curve of corn yield to N rates. Meanwhile,the influence of enhanced ammonium nutrition on maize dry weight accumulation,N uptake and maize production were also determined under fertigation condition. Results showed that maize yield,dry matter quantity and N uptake were significantly increased with nitrogen rate increasing from 225 kg·hm-2to 435 kg·hm-2,and then decreased when N fertilizer application rate beyond 540 kg·hm-2. Generally,these traits variation order as N435> N540> N330> N225> N0. Furthermore,based on the obtained reasonable N recommendation rate in 2013,nitrapyrin was added with urea to regulate the supply ratio of NH4+/NO3-( i. e. enhanced ammonium nutrition),it was found that all above mentioned traits variation trend as N375+ CP > N375> 75% N375+ CP > N0in2014. When nitrogen rate was at 330 ~ 435 kg·hm-2,there were no significant differences across all N treatments for both maize N uptake and N harvest index,indicating no negative influence either on dry mater,N uptake or maize yield even if the N recommendation rate reduced by 25% and plus nitrapyrin. According to the responsecurve of maize yield to N application rates,the optimizing economic yield of 17 049 kg·hm-2was achieved at N application rate of 402. 5 kg·hm-2. Moreover,Grains per spike and single panicle weight were significantly increased by N fertilizer and nitrapyrin amendment. N fertilizer partial productivity and N using efficiency were decreased with increasing N application rates,and the order of nitrogen use efficiency in deferent treatments was N225( 46. 6%) > N33045. 8%) > N435( 43. 6%) > N540( 34. 6%). The greatest values for N partial productivity and N using efficiency were observed for 75% N375+ CP treatment,and these increased by 31. 4% and 27. 9% for N partial productivity,increased by 5. 8% and 6. 4% for N using efficiency,respectively,compared with the N application rates ranges from 330 ~ 435 kg·hm-2,supporting that maize nitrogen use efficiency could be significantly improved by reducing N recommendation rate by 25% coupling with enhancing ammonium via nitrapyrin in drip irrigated condition. Overall,the optimizing N recommendation rate was 402. 5 kg·hm-2in drip irrigation agriculture in the area of northern Tianshan mountain. Moreover,through urea in combination with nitrapyrin repeated supply,significantly higher N using efficiency could be obtained and the amount of 93. 8 kg·hm-2could be saved,and thus,this fertilization pattern could regarded as an optimizing strategy for N management in fertigation system.
