单 位：
甘肃农业大学草业学院;青藏高原优良牧草种质资源研究省级重点实验室/青海省畜牧兽医科学院;中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
关键词：
高寒地区;燕麦品种;施肥;混播;生物量分配
摘 要：
【目的】了解高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配格局对燕麦品种、施肥措施和混播水平的响应机制,为高寒地区人工草地建植提供依据。【方法】采用"三因素四水平"正交试验设计,包括4个燕麦品种,分别为青燕1号、林纳、青海444、青海甜燕麦;4种施肥措施,分别为不施任何肥料(CK0)、尿素75 kg/hm~2+磷酸二铵150 kg/hm~2(NP)、有机肥1500 kg/hm~2(OM)和尿素37.5 kg/hm~2+磷酸二铵75 kg/hm~2+有机肥750 kg/hm~2(NP+OM);4个箭筈豌豆混播水平,分别为0、45、60、75 kg/hm~2,在燕麦拔节期、抽穗期、开花期和乳熟期分别对各处理燕麦和箭筈豌豆各器官生物量进行了测定。【结果】燕麦人工草地地上生物量以青燕1号(85.57%)、尿素+磷酸二铵+有机肥处理(84.91%)和0 kg/hm~2混播水平(85.81%)时分配比例最高;地下生物量以林纳(18.04%)、不施肥(16.02%)和30 kg/hm~2混播水平(16.29%)时分配比例最高。茎、叶、穗和根生物量分配比例分别为44%~48%、19%~24%、17%~22%和14%~18%。茎、叶、穗和地下生物量分配随季节分别呈增加、先降后增、增加和下降的变化趋势;在各因素影响下,燕麦生长前期以叶生长为主,中、后期以茎生长为主,而箭筈豌豆在生长前期以根生长为主,中、后期以叶生长为主。燕麦生物量分配在整个生育期处于优势地位,地上生物量分配始终高于地下,表现为异速生长关系。茎和地下生物量分配在生长前期和后期分别受施肥措施和品种的影响;叶生物量分配在整个生育期受混播水平的影响;燕麦穗生物量分配主要受品种和混播水平的影响。【结论】品种、施肥措施和箭筈豌豆混播水平均对高寒地区燕麦人工草地生物量分配具有显著影响,选用青燕1号品种,单播,配施尿素37.5 kg/hm~2、磷酸二铵75 kg/hm~2、有机肥750 kg/hm~2时地上生物量分配最高;选用林纳,并混播30 kg/hm~2的箭筈豌豆,采用不施肥措施时地下生物量分配最高。
译 名：
Effect of variety,fertilization and mixture sowing on oat biomass allocation in the alpine cultivated pasture
作 者：
LIU Wen-hui;ZHANG Ying-jun;SHI Shang-li;SUN Jian;WEI Xiao-xing;Pratacultural College of Gansu Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau/Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine;Institute of Grassland Sciences,China Agricultural University;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences;
关键词：
alpine area;;oat variety;;fertilization;;mixture sowing;;biomass allocation
摘 要：
【Objectives】This study focused on the response of biomass allocation of oat artificial grassland in alpine region to oat variety, fertilization and common vetch mixture level for providing a theoretical basis to establish the artificial grassland. 【Methods】According to the orthogonal design of three factors(variety,fertilization and legume mixture) and four levels, there were four oat varieties, namely Avena sativa L. cv.Qingyan No.1, A. sativa L. cv. Lena, A. sativa L. cv. Qinghai 444 and A. sativa L. cv. Qinghai, four fertilization measures, including without applying any fertilizers(CK0), 75 kg/hm~2 urea + 150 kg/hm~2 NH_4H_2PO_4(NP), 1500kg/hm~2 organic manure(OM) and 37.5 kg/hm~2 urea + 75 kg/hm~2 NH_4H_2PO_4 + 750 kg/hm~2 organic manure(NP +OM), and four common vetch mixture levels with 0 kg/hm~2, 45 kg/hm~2, 60 kg/hm~2 and 75 kg/hm~2. Different organ biomass of oats and common vetch were measured at the jointing, heading, flowering and milk stages of oats respectively. 【Results】The aboveground biomass allocation of the oat artificial grassland was the highest under the fertilization of 37.5 kg/hm~2 urea + 75 kg/hm~2 NH_4H_2PO_3 + 750 kg/hm~2 organic manure(NP + OM)(84.91%)with the A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1(85.57%) without common vetch mixing(85.81%), while the underground biomass allocation was the highest under the common vetch mixture level 30 kg/hm~2(16.29%) with the A. sativa cv. Lena(18.04%) without fertilization(16.02%). The ranges of the biomass allocation rates of stems, leaves,ears and roots were 44%–48%, 19%–24%, 17%–22% and 14%–18% respectively. The biomass allocation rates were changed with the growth stages: increasing, decreasing at the beginning and increasing later, increasing,and decreasing for stem, leaf, ear and root respectively. Under the influence of various factors, it was the oat's leaves that played a dominant role in the early growing period, and the stems took place in the mid-late period.The common vetch's root biomass, on the contrary, was leading at the beginning and its leaves took place in the mid-late period. Obviously, the biomass allocation of the oats played a significant role in the whole growing process. Meanwhile, there was a relationship defined as the allometric growth relationship, in other words, the aboveground biomass was always higher than the underground biomass in the whole growth period. The stem and root biomass allocation at the early and late growth stages were affected by the fertilization and variety separately, while the level of mixed sowing in the whole growth period affected the leaf growth, and the fertilization and the mixture level mainly influenced the ear biomass allocation. 【Conclusions】 It was variety,fertilization and the common vetch mixture level that significantly affected the biomass allocation in the alpine region. The highest aboveground biomass allocation was under the fertilization of 37.5 kg/hm~2 urea + 75 kg/hm~2NH_4H_2PO_3 + 750 kg/hm~2 organic manure with the A. sativa cv. Qingyan No.1 without common vetch, and the highest belowground biomass allocation was the treatment without fertilization with the A. sativa L. cv. Lena mixed with common vetch of 30 kg/hm~2.
