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Position: Home > Articles > Rangeland nomadic culture of the Khazakh(Ⅳ)——Clothing,food,housing,transportation,wedding and funeral of the Khazakh Grassland and Turf 2013,33 (1) 78-85

哈萨克族的草原游牧文化(Ⅳ)——哈萨克族的衣、食、住、行及婚丧等生活文化

作  者:
阿利·阿布塔里普;汪玺;张德罡;师尚礼
单  位:
阿克塞自治县林业局;甘肃肃北县委统战部甘肃农业大学草业学院;甘肃农业大学草业学院
关键词:
哈萨克族;服饰;饮食;居住;婚俗;儿童成长礼仪;丧葬
摘  要:
哈萨克族服饰具有浓郁的草原游牧生活的特征,冬季的服饰大多由动物的皮毛制成,夏季以布制服饰为主。为了便于骑乘,衣服都比较宽大,亦喜欢扎腰带,显得干净利落。男服讲究潇洒、实惠、舒适、方便,女服还讲究美观。足蹬长腰皮靴,头带漂亮帽子,未婚少女的帽子上要插上一撮漂亮的猫头鹰羽毛;哈萨克族的传统饮食以肉食、奶食品为主,米面食品居次,基本上不吃蔬菜,喜茶。肉食有牛肉、马肉、羊肉、骆驼肉,多以水煮肉方式食用(手抓)。奶品有牛奶、羊奶、合木孜(马奶酒)、楚巴提(骆驼奶)、奶茶、酸奶子;哈萨克族牧民在春、夏、秋季住的是便于拆卸和携带的圆形毡房,冬天则住霍斯(简易哈萨克毡房)或土房;哈萨克族限制同一部落的男女结亲,婚俗从说亲到完婚要经过六个阶段:提亲、订婚、"吉尔提斯"仪式、送彩礼、出嫁、迎亲;哈萨克族十分重视儿童成长。出生后七天后举行"别斯科哲尔"(摇篮礼)並取名,40天后要举行40天礼,2~3岁时举行"恰式阿鲁"(剪发礼),男孩子3岁、5岁或7岁时要举行"笋跌特"(割礼),5~7岁时举行骑马礼,第一次打回猎物狩猎时要举行狩猎礼;哈萨克族按伊斯兰教的规定举行葬礼,要点是速葬、简葬和土葬。程序是用水净身,白纱布包裹尸体(克凡),举行"加纳扎"(站礼),入土为安。
译  名:
Rangeland nomadic culture of the Khazakh(Ⅳ)——Clothing,food,housing,transportation,wedding and funeral of the Khazakh
作  者:
ALI Abutalip1,WANG Xi2,ZHANG De-gang2,SHI Shang-li2(1.Forestry Bureau of Akhsay Khazakh Autonomous County,Akhsay 736400,China;2.College of Pratacultural Science,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
关键词:
Khazakh;clothing;housing;wedding;funeral
摘  要:
The clothing of the Khazakh is featured with typical rangeland nomadic life in order to adapt the rangeland environment.The winter cloth is made from feather and fabric for summer cloth.The cloth is normally wide and loose which is convenient for riding.The main food is meat and milk and followed by wheaten food.Khazakh people like tea but rarely take vegetables.They live in yurt during which is easy to be disassembled and transported.The intermarriage is not allowed within tribe.The funeral follows Islam customs.

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