作 者：
马鸣;道·才吾加甫;山加甫;邢睿;艾孜江·买买提明;买尔旦·吐尔干;罗彪;徐国华;吴道宁
单 位：
新疆和静县林业局;中国科学院干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室
关键词：
高山兀鹫;行为;巢址选择;繁殖期;相机监测;天山
摘 要：
大型猛禽行为研究难度大,方法落后,国内尚处在摸索阶段。高山兀鹫(Cyps himalayensis)是中亚及青藏高原特有物种,对其繁殖行为研究几乎空白。2012~2014年,在新疆天山中段采用路线调查法和行为扫描法,结合访问,探寻高山兀鹫的繁殖巢区及观察育雏过程。同时通过实地观测、迷你自动相机拍摄等方法,开展了栖息地调查、巢数统计、巢结构分析、孵化过程及雏鸟生长发育观察、繁殖周期及食物组成分析等。对天山7个地点的14个巢区及上百个巢穴统计,结果发现高山兀鹫喜欢在朝南的崖壁上集群营巢(约占78.6%),窝卵数为1枚(n=21),最长的一个繁殖区(A区)绵延7.3 km,相距另外一个较近的巢区(B区)约47 km。其巢的结构特殊,均以细禾草铺垫。随着幼鸟长大,亲鸟的护幼强度逐渐减弱。为了错开产卵时间,其种群的整个繁殖周期长达8~10个月(1~10月),超出其他大型猛禽平均繁殖周期1倍的时间。因为食物缺乏,其育雏期可能被迫延迟。对高山兀鹫的主要威胁来自人类的过度放牧、采矿、药物滥用、捡蛋与捉幼鸟等。加强猛禽保护,迫在眉睫。还讨论了兀鹫与狼、雪豹及天葬的关系。
译 名：
Study of the Reproductive Behavior of Himalayan Vulture(Gyps himalayensis) by Mini Camera-Traps in the Tianshan Mountains
作 者：
Ma Ming;Dao Caiwujiap;Shan Jiap;Xing Rui;Aizijiang Maimaitiming;Mardan Turghan;Luo Biao;Xu Guohua;Wu Daoning;Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land,Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences;The Bureau of Forestry;
关键词：
Himalayan griffon vulture(Gyps himalayensis);;Behavior;;Nest selection;;Breeding cycle;;Camera-trapping;;Tianshan mountains
摘 要：
Research on the behaviour of large birds of prey is very difficult,and methods are primitive and still in exploratory stages in China.Himalayan griffon vulture(Gyps himalayensis) was a special and mysterious species in Central Asia including the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Tianshan Mountains.The breeding biology,ecology,behavior and habitat use of the vultures were studied with line transact and behavior scknning by camera-trapping during 2012-2014.Combined with visits to the nest colony,field observation,habitat sampling,nest counts,analysis of nest structure,observations of chick growth and food analysis,we collected data on the breeding process and life cycle.Based on statistics of hundreds of nests and 14 colonies at 7 sites in the Tianshan Mountains,we found that Himalayan griffon vultures preferred nesting on southerly aspects(79%).Nests were built in caves or on platforms in trees.Nest materials consisted mainly of fine reed stalks in contrast to other raptors.Clutch size was 1(n =21).The longest breeding colony extended 7.3 km and was about 47 km from the nearest colony.The breeding period lasted as long as 8-10 months(from January to October),about twice as long as for other large raptors.The duration of raising chicks was probably prolonged due to the scarcity of food.The main threats to these birds are over-grazing,mining,specimen collection,removing dead calves in the grazing range,and collection of eggs and chicks by local people.We recommend that raptor protection must be strengthened as soon as possible in Western China.We also studied the relationship between Himalayan griffon vulture and carnivores such as snow leopard(Panthers uncia) and wolf(Canis lupus),and the practice of sky-burial in Xinjiang,Qinghai and Tibet in Western China.
