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Position: Home > Articles > Meiotic observations of the pollen mother cells of Litchi chinenisis Sonn. Journal of Fruit Science 2015,32 (2) 254-258+351

荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂观察

作  者：
刘丽琴;石胜友;李伟才;魏永赞;舒波
单  位：
中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所·农业部热带果树生物学重点实验室
关键词：
荔枝;减数分裂;染色体
摘  要：
【目的】从细胞水平探明荔枝花粉母细胞减数分裂行为。【方法】通过改良涂片法对荔枝品种‘妃子笑’花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中染色体行为进行系统观察。【结果】花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在多核仁、单价体、落后染色体、分裂不同步、不均等分裂、多分体等异常情况,为观察细胞总数的8.5%。异常情况多集中于前期Ⅰ、中期Ⅰ、前期Ⅱ和四分体时期,分别为各时期观察细胞总数的71.56%、33.33%、15.85%和31.25%,并对其形成的机制进行了讨论。【结论】分裂过程中发现的落后染色体、染色体片段、不同步以及不均等分裂等异常现象主要来源于终变期出现的较高频率的单价体,与细线期发现的多核仁现象没有直接关系,异常现象是导致多分体形成的主要原因,可导致花粉败育。异常行为的发生可能与品种、个体或气候因素有关。
译  名：
Meiotic observations of the pollen mother cells of Litchi chinenisis Sonn.
作  者：
LIU Liqin;SHI Shengyou;LI Weicai;WEI Yongzan;SHU Bo;South Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science,Key Laboratory Tropical Fruit's Biology,Ministry of Agriculture;
关键词：
Litchi;;Meiosis;;Chromosome
摘  要：
【Objective】To observe the meiosis process of pollen mother cell(PMC) of litchi on cytogeneticlevel.【Methods】The developed smearing method was used to study the chromosome behavior of litchicultivar‘Feizixiao'.【Results】The results showed that there were a series of abnormalities in meiosis ofPMC of litchi such as multiple nucleoli,univalent,lagging chromosome,asynchronization of chromosomessegregation,non-equal division,deviant tetra and so on,and the abnormalities frequency was 8.5%. Theabnormalities focused on Prophase Ⅰ,Metaphase Ⅰ,Prophase Ⅱ and Tetrad. The percentages were71.56%,33.33%,15.85% and 31.25% of cells observbed in the different periods. The formation mecha-nism was discussed.【Conclusion】It was concluded that lagging chromosome,asynchronization of chromo-somes segregation and non-equal division came from higher frequency of univalent in Diakinesis,thathad no direct relation with multiple nucleoli in Leptotene. These abnormal meiosis behaviors of PMCwere responsible for deviant tetra and resulted in pollen abortion. The abnormalities were related to the va-rieties,individualities and climates.

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