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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 测墒补灌对小麦水分利用特征和产量的影响 水土保持学报 2015,29 (3) 277-281+329
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Measuring Soil Moisture on the Water Use Characteristics and Grain Yield of Wheat Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2015,29 (3) 277-281+329

测墒补灌对小麦水分利用特征和产量的影响

作  者：
许骥坤;石玉;赵俊晔;张永丽;于振文
单  位：
中国农业科学院农业信息研究所;山东农业大学/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室
关键词：
小麦;测墒补灌;水分利用特征;籽粒产量
摘  要：
为了克服定量灌溉存在的盲目性,在测墒补灌的条件下进行小麦水分利用特征和产量的研究。2012—2013年和2013—2014年2个小麦生长季,以济麦22为试验材料,在大田条件下设置5个处理:全生育期不灌水(W0)、拔节期和开花期均灌水60mm(Wck,定量节水灌溉),依据0—40cm土层土壤相对含水量测墒补灌,于拔节期和开花期分别补灌至目标土壤相对含水量为65%和70%(W1),70%和70%(W2)以及75%和70%(W3),研究不同土壤水分处理对小麦水分利用特征和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:(1)与Wck相比,W2处理灌水量小,土壤贮水消耗量及其占总耗水量的比例高,促进了小麦对土壤贮水的利用;(2)2个小麦生长季W2对80—160cm土层土壤水分的消耗量显著高于Wck处理,促进了小麦对深层土壤水分的利用;(3)W2灌浆期棵间蒸发量显著低于Wck处理,降低了开花至成熟期的耗水量,有利于高效利用灌溉水;(4)2个小麦生长季试验结果表明,W2籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均显著高于Wck处理,是本试验条件下高产节水的最优处理。
译  名：
Effects of Supplemental Irrigation Based on Measuring Soil Moisture on the Water Use Characteristics and Grain Yield of Wheat
作  者：
XU Jikun;SHI Yu;ZHAO Junye;ZHANG Yongli;YU Zhenwen;Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System,Shandong Agricultural University and Ministry of Agriculture;Institute of Agricultural Information,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science;
关键词：
wheat;;supplemental irrigation based on measurement of moisture content;;water use characteristics;;grain yield
摘  要：
In order to avoid the blindness of quantitative irrigation,this study focused on the effect of supplement irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content on water use characteristics and yield of wheat.A field experiment was conducted in the wheat growing seasons of 2012—2013and 2013—2014,in which the cultivar of Jimai 22 was used.Five irrigation treatments were designed in this field experiment,including no irrigation(W0)during the whole growth period,quantitative irrigation(60mm)at both jointing and ahthesis stages(Wck),supplemental irrigation based on measuring soil moisture content of 0—40cm soil layers at jointing and anthesis stages,which can make the moisture content of target soil reach 65% and 70%(W1),70%and 70%(W2),and 75%and 70%(W3).The effects of different soil moisture treatments on water use characteristics and grain yield of wheat were studied.The results showed that:(1)Compared with Wck,W2 showed lower irrigation amount and higher proportion of soil water consumption in the total water consumption,promoting the use of soil water.(2)The soil water consumption amount of 80—160cm soil layers in W2 was significantly higher than that in Wck,showing that W2 promoted the deep soil water utilization of wheat.(3)The evaporation of W2 was significantly lower than that of Wck in filling stage,which led to less water consumption of wheat plant from anthesis to maturity stage and the high efficient use of irrigation water.(4)According to the two-year experiment,W2 was much higher than Wck in the aspects of grain yield,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency,and thus became the best treatment for high wheat yield and water conservation under the experimental conditions.

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