单 位：
新疆阿瓦提县农技推广中心;新疆自治区高校农林有害生物监测与安全防控重点实验室;新疆农业大学农学院
关键词：
农林复合生态系统;土壤微生物区系;微生物多样性;微生物活性;代谢熵
摘 要：
通过大田试验和实验室测定,研究南疆枣树-棉花间作对土壤微生物性状的影响。在阿克苏地区阿瓦提县巴格托拉克乡采集枣树￣棉花间作、纯枣林及单作棉田土样,测定比较细菌、放线菌和真菌三大类群微生物及氮素生理群菌群数量、微生物代谢熵的变化特征。结果表明,不同种植模式土壤微生物数量分布有明显差异。枣树￣棉花间作土壤细菌、放线菌、真菌和微生物总数总体呈现出显著低于单作棉田,降低幅度最大的位点在西侧冠下区(W80);较纯枣林增加,增加幅度最大的是东侧冠下区(E80)。枣树-棉花间作系统比单作棉田土壤氨化细菌、硝化细菌数量有较大提高,反硝化细菌数量明显下降,氨化细菌、反硝化细菌相比纯枣林均为增加。间作系统内在枣树行的东、西两侧冠下区与近冠区及L1(0~20 cm)、L2(20~40 cm)及L3(40~60 cm)各层次土壤中的微生物数量都呈现出较大差异,具有明显的水平和垂直方向空间变异性。不同种植模式下土壤微生物代谢熵(q CO2)依次为纯枣林>枣树￣棉花间作>单作棉花。不同种植模式下土壤微生物Shannon多样性、均匀度指数与微生物数量具有相似的变化特性。相关性分析表明,有机碳、全氮、碱解氮含量及p H与微生物多样性呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与代谢熵则呈极显著负相关。研究结果证明,微生物群落多样性及代谢熵对间作种植模式响应灵敏,反映出枣树和棉花间作系统地下部分存在明显的竞争作用,影响土壤微生物的群落。
译 名：
Effects of a Jujube-Cotton Intercropping System on Soil Microflora and Metabolic Quotient in Southern Xinjiang
作 者：
Zhang Liangliang;Luo Ming;Han Jian;He Guilun;Xu Jinhong;Agronomy Faculty,Xinjiang Agricultural University;Key Laboratory of Harmful Biological Monitoring and Safety Prevention of Xinjiang Autonomous Region Forestry Universities;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Awati in Xinjiang;
关键词：
agroforestry system;;soil microflora;;microbial diversity;;microbial activity;;metabolic quotient
摘 要：
A field experiment and laboratory analysis were conducted to study the effects of a jujube-cotton intercropping ecosystem(JCIE) on the soil microbial community and its diversity. Soil samples were collected from different sites in a JCIE, sole jujube, and cotton fields at the Bagetuolag village, Awati county, Xinjiang during 2013-2014 to determine the spatial distribution of microflora and their metabolic quotient. The results indicated that the amount and distribution of soil microorganisms differed between the intercropping and monocropping systems. Compared with sole cotton, the numbers of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, and the total number of microbes decreased significantly in the JCIE, with the highest microbe reduction occurring under the crown of the jujube tree row on the western side(W80). The JCIE greatly improved the number of ammonifying and nitrifying bacteria relative to sole cotton but decreased the number of denitrifying bacteria. The number of both ammonifying and denitrifying bacteria was lower in sole jujube than the JCIE and sole cotton. There was significant variation in the horizontal and vertical spatial distribution of the soil microbes in the JCIE at three sites: under the crown of jujube tree row on the western side,eastern side, and near the crown at three successive soil depths. The metabolic quotient of soil microbes(q CO2) in descending order were sole jujube>jujube-cotton intercropping>sole cotton. The spatial variance characteristics and evenness index were similar for the distribution of microorganisms under different cropping modes. Correlation analysis showed that the soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen concentration, and p H were extremely significant facts influencing microbial diversity and metabolic quotient. We, therefore, suggest that microbial diversity and metabolic quotient respond to jujube-cotton intercropping sensitively, and show that there is obvious competition below ground between jujube and cotton.
