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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 水位调控对崇明东滩围垦区滩涂湿地芦苇和白茅光合、形态及生长的影响 应用生态学报 2014,25 (2) 408-418
Position: Home > Articles > Effects of water table manipulation on leaf photosynthesis,morphology and growth of Phragmites australis and Imperata cylindrica in the reclaimed tidal wetland at Dongtan of Chongming Island,China Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology 2014,25 (2) 408-418

水位调控对崇明东滩围垦区滩涂湿地芦苇和白茅光合、形态及生长的影响

作  者：
仲启铖;王江涛;周剑虹;欧强;王开运
单  位：
华东师范大学资源与环境科学学院上海城市化生态过程与生态恢复重点实验室
关键词：
长江口;围垦区滩涂湿地;水位调控;芦苇;白茅
摘  要：
于2011年植物生长季,研究了长江口崇明东滩围垦区滩涂湿地3个地下水位梯度(低水位、中水位和高水位)下芦苇和白茅的光合、形态和生长特征,以及土壤温度、湿度、盐度和无机氮含量等土壤因子.结果表明:在生长旺期,芦苇叶片光合能力在高水位显著低于低水位和中水位,白茅叶片光合能力在3个水位梯度间无显著差异.整个生长季内,在单株水平,芦苇形态和生长指标总体上在中水位最优,白茅大多数形态和生长指标在3个水位梯度间差异不显著;在种群水平,芦苇植株密度、叶面积指数和单位面积地上生物量在高水位最大,白茅植株密度、叶面积指数和单位面积地上生物量在低水位最大.生长季初期,3个水位梯度间0~20 cm土层芦苇根状茎生物量差异不显著,而0~20 cm土层白茅根状茎生物量在高水位显著低于低水位和中水位.作为围垦前的原生湿生植物,芦苇在3个水位梯度下表现的差异性可能是由于不同水位梯度下土壤因子和白茅竞争强度不同.合理调控围垦区滩涂湿地水位可以抑制中生草本植物白茅的生长和繁殖,有助于以芦苇为单优势种的原有湿地植物群落的恢复.
译  名：
Effects of water table manipulation on leaf photosynthesis,morphology and growth of Phragmites australis and Imperata cylindrica in the reclaimed tidal wetland at Dongtan of Chongming Island,China
作  者：
ZHONG Qi-cheng;WANG Jiang-tao;Zhou Jian-hong;OU Qiang;WANG Kai-yun;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urbanization and Ecological Restoration,College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University;
关键词：
Yangtze Estuary;;reclaimed tidal wetland;;water table manipulation;;Phragmites australis;;Imperata cylindrica.
摘  要：
During the growing season of 2011,the leaf photosynthesis,morphological and growth traits of Phragmites australis and Imperata cylindrica were investigated along a gradient of water table( low,medium and high) in the reclaimed tidal wetland at the Dongtan of Chongming Island in the Yangtze Estuary of China. A series of soil factors,i. e.,soil temperature,moisture,salinity and inorganic nitrogen content,were also measured. During the peak growing season,leaf photosynthetic capacity of P. australis in the wetland with high water table was significantly lower than those in the wetland with low and medium water tables,and no difference was observed in leaf photosynthetic capacity of I. cylindrica at the three water tables. During the entire growing season,at the shoot level,the morphological and growth traits of P. australis got the optimum in the wetland with medium water table,but most of the morphological and growth traits of I. cylindrica had no significant differences at the three water tables. At the population level,the shoot density,leaf area index and aboveground biomass per unit area were the highest in the wetland with high water table for P. australis,but all of the three traits were the highest in the wetland with low water table for I. cylindrica. At the early growing season,the rhizome biomass of P. australis in the 0-20 cm soil layer had no difference at the three water tables,and the rhizome biomass of I. cylindrica in the 0-20 cm soil layer in the wetland with high water table was significantly lower than those in the wetland with low and medium water table. As a native hygrophyte before the reclamation,the variations of performances of P. australis at the three water tables were probably attributed to the differences in the soil factors as well as the intensity of competition from I. cylindrica. To appropriately manipulate water table in the reclaimed tidal wetland may restrict the growth and propagation of the mesophyte I.cylindrica,and facilitate the restoration of P. australis-dominated marsh plant community.

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