关键词：
底栖鱼类;土壤微生物;水田;复合生态系统;生物扰动
摘 要：
[目的]研究底栖鱼类泥鳅对水田土壤微生物(区系、生物量、生理群)的扰动效应。[方法]通过田间定位定量试验,采用平板表面涂抹法和稀释法进行分析。[结果]试验水田的土壤微生物区系组成中,细菌数量最多,其次是放线菌和真菌。养鱼水田的细菌、放线菌和真菌数量均高于对照水田,分别达到显著(P<0.05)、极显著差异水平(P<0.01)。养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量C和N明显高于对照水田,均达到极显著差异水平(P<0.01);养鱼水田的土壤微生物生物量P也高于对照水田,但未达显著差异水平(P>0.05)。底栖鱼类促进了土壤固氮菌、纤维素分解菌、硝化细菌、硫化细菌和氨化细菌的生长,抑制了反硝化细菌和反硫化细菌的繁殖。[结论]底栖鱼类对水田土壤微生物区系、生物量和生理群具有重要影响,改善了土壤微生物的生存条件,提高了土壤肥力和生化活性,有助于增加土壤N、P、S等养分元素的供给能力和养分利用效率。
译 名：
Bioturbation Effects of Benthic Fish on Soil Microorganism of Paddy Field
作 者：
HU Yong-jun et al (School of Life Science,Changchun Teachers University,Changchun,Jilin 130032)
关键词：
Benthic fish; Soil microorganism; Paddy field; Integrated ecosystem; Bioturbation
摘 要：
[Objective]The research aimed to explore the bioturbation effects of benthic fish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus on soil microorganism (microflora,biomass,and special physiological groups) of paddy field.[Method]The experiments were conducted locally and quantitatively in field,using plate count and MPN methods.[Result]In the microflora of paddy soil tested,the quantity of bacteria is the largest,followed by actinomycetes and fungus. Compared with the control paddy fields,in rice-fish paddy fields the quantities of bacteria,actinomycetes and fungus are higher,at significance level P<0.05,P<0.01,and P<0.01 respectively. The microbial biomass C and N in rice-fish paddy fields is remarkably higher than those in control paddy fields,both at significance level P<0.01; the microbial biomass P in rice-fish paddy fields is higher than that in control paddy fields,but at significance level P>0.05. Benthic fish promotes the growth of soil azotobacter,cellulolytic bacteria,nitrobacteria,sulfur bacteria,and ammonifying bacteria,restricts the reproduction of nitrate reducing bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria.[Conclusion]The benthic fish has important effects on microflora,microbial biomass,and special microorganism physiological groups of paddy soil,improves the living conditions of soil microorganisms,promotes the soil fertility and bio-chemical activity,which is beneficial for improving the supply ability of soil nutrients such as N,P,S,as well as the efficiency of nutrient utilization.
