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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 长江水系中华绒螯蟹不同来源蟹种周年生长研究 水产养殖 2015,36 (4) 1-7
Position: Home > Articles > Preliminary observation: Growth of various breeding larvae and juveniles groups of Eriocheir sinensis from Yangtze river Journal of Aquaculture 2015,36 (4) 1-7

长江水系中华绒螯蟹不同来源蟹种周年生长研究

作  者：
赵沐子;许志强;丁淑燕;陈乙荣;郭礼中;葛家春
单  位：
高淳县固城湖石臼湖管理委员会;江苏省淡水水产研究所;扬中市水产技术推广站
关键词：
中华绒螯蟹;长江水系;形态特征
摘  要：
本研究对长江口天然大眼幼体培育蟹种、长江天然蟹种和中华绒螯蟹选育蟹种群体进行了成蟹养殖对比(下文分别简称为养殖蟹、天然蟹和选育蟹),养殖蟹为长江口天然蟹苗经人工培育而成的蟹种,天然蟹为采自江苏扬中长江段的天然蟹种,选育蟹为江苏省淡水水产研究所选育的"荷兰蟹"F4代。根据国家标准GB/T 19783-2005《中华绒螯蟹》,采集3个群体额宽、第一侧齿宽、背甲后半长、体高、III步足长节、前节长、IV步足指节长、头胸甲长、体重等数据,计算主要形态性状比值。发现:1头胸甲长和体重关系式为:雌性:W=0.5717×L 2.9972;雄性:W=0.4767×L 3.1739;2额宽、第一侧齿宽与头胸甲长比值随时间推移呈下降趋势,天然蟹群体性别间差异显著;3背甲后半长/头胸甲长呈现"N"型波动,选育蟹群体性别间差异较大;4体高/头胸甲长持续增加,选育蟹该比值优于另两个群体,养殖蟹和天然蟹群体雄蟹在最后一次蜕壳前后此比值有所回落;5第III步足长节长/头胸甲长随时间呈"V"型变化,在第三次蜕壳前后达到最低值随后增加,其中养殖蟹群体时间,性别,以及交互作用三个指标差异都极显著;6头胸甲长、头胸甲宽、体高、第III步足长节长等可作为快速比较长江种群河蟹的规律性的指标。试验表明,长江江段天然蟹种群体有较好的养殖潜力,经人工养殖,重要的经济指标----体高比例已接近养殖蟹;多代选育的选育蟹群体生长快、个体大,具有良好的养殖前景,为今后充分开发利用长江水系河蟹资源,进一步开展河蟹新品种选育工作提供了资料和数据积累。
译  名：
Preliminary observation: Growth of various breeding larvae and juveniles groups of Eriocheir sinensis from Yangtze river
作  者：
Zhao Muzi;Xu Zhiqiang;Ding Shuyan;Chen Yirong;Guo Lizhong;Ge Jiachun;Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province;The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm;Nanjing Purity Aquaculture Development Co.,Ltd.;Gaochun Gucheng,Shijiu Lakes dministration Committee;Yangzhong City Fisheries Technology Extension Station;
关键词：
Chinese mitten crab;;Yangtze river system;;morphological characteristics
摘  要：
In order to compare the morphological characters of breeding larvae and juveniles of three groups(cultured, feral and selected groups) of Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) from Yangtze river, 9measurable variables,including frontal width, width of first laradentis,length of posterior carapace、body height,length of meropodite and propodus of the 3rd leg,length of knuckle of the 4th leg,length of carapace and body weight,which representing their morphological characters,were measured according to the National Standard(GB/T 19783-2005) 7 morphological ratios were obtained and studied by ANOVA analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that the equation of the relationship between the length of carapace(L)and body weight(W) were W=0.5717 × L2.9972(female) and W=0.4767 × L3.1739(male) respectively; The ratio of frontal width, width of first laradentis to length of carapace decreased with time, showed statistically significant difference between sexes in the feral group; The variation of length of posterior carapace to length of carapace ratio has the same shape as letter "N"; ratio of body height to length of carapace increased over time;variation of length of meropodite of the 3rd leg to length of carapace ratio increased after slightly decreased and has the same shape as letter "V". In conclusion,length and width of carapace,body height and length of meropodite of the 3rd leg can be used to determine different groups of Eriocheir sinensis from Yangtze river. The ratio of body height to length of carapace,one of the key indicator of crab,indicated a great culture potential of feral group; The fastest growth speed and the heaviest body weight showed the selected group as the selective breeding result had a bright future of cultivation and utilization.

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