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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 砷对水稻生长发育的影响及其原因 中国农业科学 1993,26 (6) 50-58
Position: Home > Articles > EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND ITS MECHANISM Scientia Agricultura Sinica 1993,26 (6) 50-58

砷对水稻生长发育的影响及其原因

作  者：
陈同斌;刘更另
单  位：
中国科学院地理研究所;中国农业科学院
关键词：
砷酸盐;亚砷酸盐;毒害作用;刺激作用;水稻
摘  要：
低浓度的砷对水稻生长发育有刺激作用,砷浓度较高时则会对水稻产生严重的毒害作用。砷的毒害作用不仅有十分明显的外观症状,而且还会使水稻的生长发育推迟。刺激作用的机理可能与砷合理地抑制植物呼吸、减少光合产物的无益消耗有关。砷的毒害作用所造成的水稻籽粒减产,是由于穗粒数、结实率、有效穗、千粒重四个产量构成因素受砷的毒害作用共同影响的结果。刚进入土壤系统时,As(Ⅲ)的毒性比As(V)大:但随着时间的推移,它们在对土壤和植物系统的影响方面的差异会不断缩小。
译  名：
EFFECT OF ARSENIC ON RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AND ITS MECHANISM
作  者：
Chen Tongbin (Institute of Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences;Beijing 100101) Liu Gengling (Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 )
关键词：
Arsenite; Arsenate; Arsenic toxicity; Arsenic stimulation; Oryza sativa L.
摘  要：
In pot experiment it was found that rice (Oryza sativa L.) growth and development could be stimulated by low level arsenite added to soils, while the growth and development were impaired significantly by high level arsenite added. Both stimulation and toxicity of arsenite to rice plant arose from inhibition of ar~mite to plant respiration. When fewer amoants of arsenite were added, the respiration (photorespiration) unnecessary to plant growth was inhibited, so less photosynthate was depleted and net photosynthesis increased. On the other hand, when more arsenite was added, arsenical toxicity interfered the uecessary respiration, maintenance respiration, for plant growth and development and then disturbed photosynthesis and caused physiological disturbance.Arsenic toxicity made grain yield of rice reduce. Reason for the reduction may be due to all the effects caused by arsenic toxicity of the four yield-determining factors, i.e. grains per tiller, setting percentage, productive tillers and weight per thousand graies. Each of the four factors affected similarly on yield reduction in arsenic-toxic soil.It was indicated that toxicity of arsenite [As(Ⅲ)] added to paddy soil which was derived from red soil was more serious than that of arsenate [As(v)] added. However, this difference in toxicity mainly showed in early stage after addition of arsenic compounds. Since the variation between arsenite and arsenate adsorptions and solubilities in soil system became less as the equilibrium time went on, the difference in toxicity decreased as well.

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