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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 单季稻品种生产力与生态特性的演进趋向 江苏农业学报 1985 (2) 12-20
Position: Home > Articles > EVOLUTIONARY TREND OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-CROPPING RICE CULTIVARS Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences 1985 (2) 12-20

单季稻品种生产力与生态特性的演进趋向

作  者：
赵强基;郑建初;袁从禕
单  位：
江苏省农业科学院
关键词：
单季稻;生产力;生态特性
摘  要：
选用40—80年代单季稻用的四类代表品种,设高、中、无肥三个处理和必要的辅助试验,研究了器官生物量的组成,光合特点——光饱和点、补偿点、最大光合速度、谷粒光合产物的积累等;以及养分吸收特性。根据这些资料论证了品种演化过程中所发生的有关提高生产力的一些生物学特性的变化及今后发展趋向,讨论了今后育种改良和栽培改进的方向。
译  名：
EVOLUTIONARY TREND OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SINGLE-CROPPING RICE CULTIVARS
作  者：
(Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences) Zhao Qiangji Zheng Jianchu Yuan Congyi
关键词：
Single-cropping rice;Productivity; Ecological characteristics
摘  要：
Four typical single-cropping rice cultivars-Lu Hua Bai (CVA), Nong Hu No.32 (GVB), Shan You No.3 (CVC) and Gan Hua No.2 (GVD)- representing cultivars grown successively during the period from 1940's to 1980's were used in this study. In the evolution of rice cultivars from lower yielding to higher yielding, their grain yields, biomass output and fertility requirement increased synchronically. Significant differences of grain yields were found between the cultivars, the fertilization levels and their interactions. The grain yields of the cultivars were GVA < CVB < GVG < CVD. However, the yield potential of CVD could be realized only at a high nitrogen level, while CVC and CVB could reach their high yields at a medium N level, and CVA even at the zero N level. The grain yield per unit area can be calculated by biomass per hill (or plant) × hills (or plants) per unit area× economic coefficient. The increase in grain yields of the high-yielding cultivars was mainly due to the simultaneous increase of the biomass output per hill and the economic coefficient. The light saturation point, compensation point and net photosynthetic rate of the four cultivars at early, medium and late growing stages averaged 46900 1x, 3300 1x and 29 mg CO2 h-1 dm-2 respectively. No direct correlation was observed between those factors with the evolution of the cultivars. The respiratory consumption of CVA, CVB, CVC, and CVD made up 54, 55, 45 and 21% of the gross photosynthesis respectively. It was noticed that the photosynthetic product accumulated for the grain production in high-yielding cultivars came primarily from the functional leaves after heading, but the carbohydrates exported from vegetative organs also made important contribution to grain-filling. The productive effciency of absorbed N incorporated into rice grain of the four cultivars was CVA < CVB < CVC < CVD. The total weight and the depth of roots at the heading stage showed a similar sequence which indicated a close correlation between the nutrients absorbed and the development of the root system.

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