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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 古尔班通古特沙漠钠猪毛菜种子异型性及其萌发行为研究 草业学报 2019 (3) 85-92
Position: Home > Articles > Seed polymorphism and germination behavior of Salsola nitraria in the Gurbantunggut Desert Acta Prataculturae Sinica 2019 (3) 85-92

古尔班通古特沙漠钠猪毛菜种子异型性及其萌发行为研究

作  者：
王梦茹;魏岩
单  位：
新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室
关键词：
种子异型性;钠猪毛菜;温度;NaCl溶液;苞片
摘  要：
钠猪毛菜在我国仅分布在新疆,具有很强的抗干旱和抗盐碱能力。研究钠猪毛菜不同类型种子形态及其萌发特性,结果表明,钠猪毛菜产生3种类型的种子,其形态特征、萌发特性均有显著差异。A型种子绿色,圆形,着生方式为横生,直径为(1.294±0.089) mm,百粒重(90.71±0.42) mg,花被背部有翅状附属物;B型种子红色,圆形,着生方式为直立,直径为(1.166±0.069) mm,百粒重(85.52±0.49) mg,花被背部有短/无翅状附属物;C型种子黄色,圆形,着生方式为直立,直径为(1.044±0.062) mm,百粒重(83.84±0.31) mg,花被背部无翅状附属物。A型种子在5℃/15℃、10℃/20℃、 15℃/25℃、 20℃/30℃、 25℃/35℃(光/暗=12 h/12 h)变温条件下萌发率均>92%,B型种子在5种变温条件下萌发率<60%,为非深度生理休眠,低温层积2周后可打破休眠;C型种子在5种变温条件下萌发率<5.3%,为深度生理休眠,划破种皮可打破休眠。浓度低于0.2 mol·L~(-1)的NaCl溶液对A型种子萌发的影响不大,但从0.8 mol·L~(-1)起,萌发率随着浓度增高而降低,直至为零,将在0.05～4.00 mol·L~(-1)NaCl溶液中处理的A型种子转移至蒸馏水后,仍有一定的恢复萌发率。苞片延缓A型种子吸胀,影响种子的最终萌发率,去除苞片可显著提高种子的萌发率。通过研究钠猪毛菜种子异型性及其萌发行为,为揭示其生态适应机制提供科学依据,并为新疆荒漠地区生态建设提供基础资料。
译  名：
Seed polymorphism and germination behavior of Salsola nitraria in the Gurbantunggut Desert
作  者：
WANG Meng-ru;WEI Yan;College of Grassland and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University;
单  位：
WANG Meng-ru%WEI Yan%College of Grassland and Environmental Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University
关键词：
seed polymorphism;;Salsola nitraria;;temperature;;NaCl;;bracts
摘  要：
Salsola nitraria has a strong drought and salt-tolerance capacity in Xinjiang desert. Experiments were conducted to study the seed polymorphism and germination of S. nitraria. It produces three types of fruits that differ markedly in morphological characteristics and germination. Type A fruits are green and spherical and have winged perianth; Type B fruits are red and spherical, the perianth is without wings; Type C fruits are yellow and spherical, the perianth is without wings. Seeds were germinated in incubators at 5 ℃/15 ℃, 10 ℃/20 ℃, 15 ℃/25 ℃, 20 ℃/30℃, and 25 ℃/35℃(12 h dark/12 h light) for 14 d. Germination percentages of type A seeds under all five temperature regimes were >92%; germination percentages of type B seeds under all five temperature regimes were <60%; germination percentages of type C seeds at all five temperature regimes were <5.3%. Type B seeds have no-deep physiological dormancy and seeds require 2 weeks of cold stratification to germinate. Type C seeds have deep physiological dormancy and scarification was an effective means of breaking the seed dormancy. Germination of type A seeds was not affected by NaCl at concentrations below 0.2 mol·L~(-1), but was decreased by NaCl at higher concentrations, and fell to nearly zero at concentrations above 0.8 mol·L~(-1). Seeds incubated in NaCl at concentrations of 0.05-4.0 mol·L~(-1) recovered after being transferred to distilled water. Bracts of type A seeds formed a mechanical barrier to water uptake, and had a significant influence on the final seed germination percentages. Removal of bracts promoted seed germination. Further research into seed polymorphism in S. nitraria and the associated germination differences may reveal its ecological adaptive mechanism and provide data for ecological construction in the Xinjiang desert.

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