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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 融雪剂在路域土壤中的累积、扩散及其对土壤性质的影响 水土保持学报 2009,23 (6) 182-185+214
Position: Home > Articles > Accumulation and Translocation of Deicing Salts in Roadside Soils and Their Effects on Soil Properties Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 2009,23 (6) 182-185+214

融雪剂在路域土壤中的累积、扩散及其对土壤性质的影响

作  者：
余海英;孔亚平;张科利;衷平
单  位：
交通部科学研究院水上污染损害评估与溢油应急处置技术实验室;北京师范大学地理与遥感学院;四川农业大学资源环境学院
关键词：
融雪剂;路域土壤;累积
摘  要：
以我国吉林省多条常年使用融雪剂的高速公路为对象,研究了融雪剂成分在路域土壤中的累积、扩散及其对土壤相关理化性质的影响,结果表明:(1)道路使用氯盐型融雪剂后,路域土壤表层(0-20cm)的酸碱性、电导率及盐分离子的组成均有明显变化,总体呈电导率增加,Na+、Cl-的含量及比例上升的趋势,其中以道路隔离带土壤的变化量最为显著,并已表现出明显的盐化及钠质化趋势。(2)融雪剂对当地路域土壤的影响范围为距路基3m范围内,在此范围内土壤电导率及主要盐分离子Na+、Cl-的含量均显著高于对照土壤。各离子成分在土壤剖面的迁移、分布无明显规律性,其原因主要与土壤本身的理化特性及环境条件如降雨量等因素有关。(3)融雪剂成分在路域土壤中的大量蓄积改变了土壤的自然物质组成,其中Na+、Cl-的累积是影响土壤理化性质的主要因子,一方面其含量的增加可引发土壤的盐化、酸化、钠质化以及土壤结构的破坏,同时,Na+浓度的提高也加大了其余养分离子置换流失的可能,成为影响植物正常生长、降低土壤肥力和增加环境风险的重要因素。
译  名：
Accumulation and Translocation of Deicing Salts in Roadside Soils and Their Effects on Soil Properties
作  者：
YU Hai-ying1,2,KONG Ya-ping3,ZHANG Ke-li1,ZHONG Ping3 (1.School of Geography,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;2.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan 625014;3.Laboratory of Impairment Evaluation of Water Pollution and Spill Oil First-Aid Treatment Technology,Chinese Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029)
关键词：
deicing salts;roadside soil;accumulation
摘  要：
In many countries,chemical deicers having been widely used for melting snow and ice from roads during the winter season,of which chloride salts were most common and preferred due to low price and easy availability. Despite all of the advantages for traffic safety improvement,there were also many adverse effects following the increased application of deicing salts,namely increased concentrations of deicer constituents in the environment.In this paper,we selected four freeways in jilin province to study the salt accumulation and transportation in roadside soil environment and effects on soil quality. Results indicate that:(1)By application of chloride salts,roadside soil pH,EC and ion composition have changed a lot with most apparent phenomena of increasing EC and contents of Na+ ,Cl-in the topsoil(0-20 cm)of road isolation belt.(2)The impact of deicing salts on the soil solution decreased with increasing distance from the road according to measurements of EC and contents of Na+ ,Cl-in soil solution. The distance of impact was in general some 3m .Because of difference in soil and local environmental conditions,there were no significant regularity of spatial variation of general chemical parameters in soil profiles.(3)Using deicing salts would change the soil's natural component. The accumulation of Na+ ,Cl-was the key factor for causing salinization,acidification and sodication.At the same time,the high concentration of Na+ could not noly damage the soil structureness but also affect soil fertility by exchanging with available nutrients in the soil complex that could eventually lead to cation leaching and subsequently to nutrient deficiencies and environmental risk.

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