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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 苹果根域交替、定位灌水对新梢生长和叶片生理的影响 园艺学报 2010,37 (11) 1721-1728
Position: Home > Articles > Shoot Growth and Leaf Physiological Characteristics Response to Irrigation Method and Irrigation Rate in Apple Trees Acta Horticulturae Sinica 2010,37 (11) 1721-1728

苹果根域交替、定位灌水对新梢生长和叶片生理的影响

作  者：
刘松忠;魏钦平;王小伟;张强;刘军;丁三姐;张卿
单  位：
北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所
关键词：
苹果;根域;交替灌水;定位灌水;生长;生理特性
摘  要：
以3年生盆栽嘎拉苹果(砧木为八棱海棠)为试材,研究了苹果根域交替和定位灌溉不同水量对新梢生长、叶片生理特性的影响。结果表明:交替灌水条件下,随每次灌水量增加,秋梢恢复生长时间提早,且生长量增大;灌水根域相同时,除1/4、2/4、3/4根域每次灌水500mL和2/4根域每次灌水750mL处理外,其余各处理新梢均有二次生长。定位灌水条件下各处理间新梢变化不明显,且新梢生长量较小。交替灌水和定位灌水对苹果叶片水势、气孔导度等生理特性指标无影响,但交替灌水叶片水势和气孔导度等指标相对于定位灌水而言变化较平稳。由此可见,灌水量是调节新梢二次生长的决定因素,而灌水根域主要影响相关生理指标;部分根域灌水,新梢可发生二次生长,灌水根域过多(3/4或4/4)和每次灌水量大于750mL对新梢生长不利。从减少树体冗余生长和节水、保持树体生理稳定方面考虑,2/4根域每次交替灌水750mL为最佳处理。
译  名：
Shoot Growth and Leaf Physiological Characteristics Response to Irrigation Method and Irrigation Rate in Apple Trees
作  者：
LIU Song-zhong,WEI Qin-ping,WANG Xiao-wei,ZHANG Qiang,LIU Jun,DING San-jie,and ZHANG Qing(Institute of Forestry & Pomology,Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100093,China)
关键词：
apple;root-zone;PRAI;PRLI;growth;physiological characteristics
摘  要：
Three-year old'Royal Gala'apple(Malus domestica Borth.)tree[sgrafted onto(M.robusta Rehd.)]grown in split-root pots were used to study that effects of partial root-zone alternative irrigation(PRAI)and partial root-zone located irrigation(PRLI)on shoot growth and leaf physiological characteristics.The results indicated that in PRAI,large irrigation rate significantly improve shoot growth and make autumn shoots growth early,and the second growth of new shoots were observed except the treatments of 1/4,2/4,and 3/4 root-zone irrigated by 500 mL and 2/4 root-zone irrigated by 750 mL.In contract,there is no significant difference on shoot growth between treatments,and shoot growth was little in all the treatments in PRLI.Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance had no difference in PRAI and PRLI.However,those were more stable in PRAI than PRLI.Therefore,shoot second growth was determined by irrigation rate,and leaf physiological characteristics were effected by irrigation root-zone.The second growth of shoots can start when partly root-zone(1/4 or 2/4 root-zone)was irrigated.However,their growth was retarded when 3/4 or 4/4 root-zone was irrigated and the irrigation rate was more than 750 mL.PRAI can save much more water than PRLI with maintaining physiological characteristics of apple tree.In this study,irrigating 2/4 root-zone with 750 mL water in PRAI was optimal according to regulation of shoot growth and saving water and maintaining leaf physiological characteristics.

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