当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的启示——土壤微生物分离培养推动了寄生虫病防治 土壤学报 2016,53 (1) 12-15
Position: Home > Articles > 2015 Nobel Prize and Soil Microbiology——Culture-dependent Study Warrants More Attention Acta Pedologica Sinica 2016,53 (1) 12-15

2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的启示——土壤微生物分离培养推动了寄生虫病防治

作  者:
贾仲君
单  位:
土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所)
关键词:
土壤微生物;诺贝尔奖;抗生素;分离培养
摘  要:
1974年日本科学家大村智从土壤中分离到一株链霉菌,并与美国默克(Merck)公司合作,发现了阿维菌素,在治疗盘尾丝虫症(河盲症)和淋巴丝虫病(象皮病)方面取得了重大突破,成为2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖获得者之一,表明纯菌株的分离和培养具有极为重要的意义,应在未来土壤微生物研究中得到更多的重视。
译  名:
2015 Nobel Prize and Soil Microbiology——Culture-dependent Study Warrants More Attention
作  者:
JIA Zhongjun;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences;
关键词:
2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine;;Soil microbe;;Antibiotic;;Culture-dependent technique
摘  要:
In 1974,Satoshi ō mura,a Japanese microbiologist and expert in isolating natural products,isolated new strains of Streptomyces from soil samples. He found that this strain can produce a bioactive compound named Avermectin,which was subsequently chemically modified to a more effective compound called Ivermectin by Williman Campbell from Merck Company. Ivermectine was later tested in humans with parasitic infections and effectively killed parasite larvae,leading to a Nobel Prize in 2015. The rapid advance of new techniques such as single-cell isolation and high-throughput screening may revolutionize culture-dependent study and downstream applications. This will dramatically change the landscape of DNA/RNA-based research of microbial resource on Earth,and soil microbiology represents one of the most important research fields in future.

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