Ning Wang;Fengzhen Fu;Baitian Wang;Ruijun Wan

College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, People’s Republic of China;Soil and Water Conservation School, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chin;Soil and Water Conservation School, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China;Daqing Forestry Bureau, Daqing, People’s Republic of China

Pinus tabulaefonnis Carr.;Forest ecosystem;Content of carbon;Nitrogen and phosphorus;Ecological stoichiometry;Warm temperate zone;China;N-P STOICHIOMETRY;NUTRIENT LIMITATION;RESORPTION;RATIOS;GROWTH;HOMEOSTASI

Although carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorous (P) stoichiometric ratios are considered good indicators of nutrient excess/limitation and thus of ecosystem health, few reports have discussed the trends and the reciprocal effects of C:N:P stoichiometry in plant-litter-soil systems. The present study analyzed C:N:P ratios in four age groups of Chinese pine, Pinus tabulaefonnis Cam, forests in Shanxi Province, China: plantation young forests (AY, < 20 year-old); plantation middle-aged forests (AM, 21-30 year-old); natural young forests (NY, < 30 year-old); and natural middle-aged forests (NM, 31-50 year-old). The average C:N:P ratios calculated for tree, shrub, and herbaceous leaves, litter, and soil (0-100 cm) were generally higher in NY followed by NM, AM, and AY. C:N and C:P ratios were higher in litter than in leaves and soils, and reached higher values in the litter and leaves of young forests than in middle-aged forests; however, C:N and C:P ratios were higher in soils of middle-aged forests than in young forests. N:P ratios were higher in leaves than in litter and soils regardless of stand age; the consistent N:P < 14 values found in all forests indicated N limitations. With plant leaves, C:P ratios were highest in trees, followed by herbs and shrubs, indicating a higher efficiency in tree leaf formation. C:N ratios decreased with increasing soil depth, whereas there was no trend for C:P and N:P ratios. C:N:P stoichiometry of forest foliage did not exhibit a consistent variation according to stand age. Research on the relationships between N:P, and P, N nutrient limits and the characteristics of vegetation nutrient adaptation need to be continued.