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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 上海市某奶牛场一起破伤风疫情的紧急流行病学调查 中国动物检疫 2018,35 (6) 1-4,7
Position: Home > Articles > An Emergency Epidemiological Investigation of Tetanus in a Dairy Farm of Shanghai City China Animal Health Inspection 2018,35 (6) 1-4,7

上海市某奶牛场一起破伤风疫情的紧急流行病学调查

作  者：
杨德全;陈冈;杨显超;鞠厚斌;沈莉萍;卢军;徐锋;周锦萍;刘春国;王靖飞
关键词：
破伤风;紧急流行病学调查;奶牛;断尾;伤口
摘  要：
2017年7月,上海市金山区某奶牛场出现未知原因的奶牛死亡病例.为查明疫病发生原因,分析可能的风险因素,以便及时提出防控建议,采用现场流行病学调查和实验室检测相结合的方式,对该起疫情进行了调查.调查结果显示:该奶牛场陆续有10头奶牛出现牙关紧闭、流涎、全身肌肉紧张等症状,袭击率为4.7%(10/211);6头奶牛死亡,死亡率为2.8%(6/211).根据发病情况和"木马样"特异性症状,结合有断尾伤口以及破伤风抗毒素干预有效,确定患病奶牛为断尾引起的破伤风感染.追溯调查发现:牛场牛粪清理不及时,牛舍消毒频次低,再加上发病前及发病期间适宜的气候条件,导致牛舍环境中的破伤风梭菌大量繁殖;而奶牛断尾前未严格消毒,以及高温、断尾对奶牛产生了应激,使其抵抗力下降,导致断尾奶牛感染了破伤风梭菌.通过对发病奶牛注射破伤风抗毒素,同时加强生物安全,改善环境卫生,减少奶牛应激反应,最终疫情得到了有效控制.
译  名：
An Emergency Epidemiological Investigation of Tetanus in a Dairy Farm of Shanghai City
关键词：
Tetanus%emergency epidemiological investigation%cow%docking%wound
摘  要：
In July 2017,there were death cases with unknown causes in a dairy farm in Jinshan District of Shanghai City. In order to find out the causes of the outbreak,analyze the possible risk factors,so as to put forward prevention and control suggestions in time,an investigation was carried out by the combination of field epidemiological investigation and laboratory testing. The investigation results showed that 10 cows appeared symptoms of tight jaws,runny nose,and muscle tension in succession,the attack rate was 4.7%(10/211). At last,6 cows died,with a mortality rate of 2.8%(6/211). According to the morbidity and"Trojan-like"specific clinical symptoms,combined with the broken tail wound,laboratory diagnostic results and Tetanus antitoxin intervention was effective,the epidemic was subsequently confirmed as Tetanus infection caused by breaking tails. Through retrospective investigation,it was found that the cow dung was not cleaned timely and the disinfection frequency of cowsheds was low,together with the suitable climatic conditions before and during the outbreak, all of which led to the rapid proliferation ofClostridium tetani in the cowshed environment. Besides,the tails weren't severely disinfected before their docking,at the same time,the high temperature and tail docking exerted stress on the cows,which resulted in reduction of cow resistance and Tetanus infection. Through injecting the Tetanus antitoxin into the diseased cows,strengthening biological safety management,improving the environmental hygiene and reducing the stress response of the cows,finally,the outbreak was effectively controlled.

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