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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 苹果和梨及核果类果树远缘杂交试验初报 沈阳农业大学学报 1956 (1) 1-10
Position: Home > Articles > A Preliminary Study on Distant Hybridization of Apples with pears and stone Fruits Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University 1956 (1) 1-10

苹果和梨及核果类果树远缘杂交试验初报

作  者：
景士西;丁春荣;谭其猛
摘  要：
一、用一般的套袋授粉法进行苹果和梨、和核果类桃、李、樱桃、山杏、山毛桃等组合的有性杂交可以获得杂交果实和种子。二、杂交的结实率因父本的种类而不同,苹果和梨(仁果类)杂交结实率、结种子率一般较苹果和桃、李、樱桃等核果类为大。三、母本苹果不同品种不同的自然及栽培条件下成功的可能性不同。因此在进行远缘杂交时应同时选几个品种作为母本,在不同年份连续进行较易获得成功。四、先授以远缘花粉隔四小时后再授以限量近缘花粉的混合授粉法所得结果不可靠。是否用延长间隔时间或采用丧失发芽力的近缘花粉的混合授粉法以促进杂交结实而不致引起差误有待于进一步研究。五、用去雄后6天进行授粉的衰老柱头授粉法,似不宜用于一般杂交结实尚不很困难的苹果和梨之间的杂交,但用于苹果和某些核果类果树之间的杂交似有促进作用。六、以父本种类作砧木对母本进行教养影响的无性渐近杂交法显著地提高了苹果和梨远缘杂交的结实率。七、远缘杂种生活力弱,幼苗甚易夭折,一般从茎的基部或地下部分开始变褐,渐渐全株枯死。杂种部分植株表现父本梨或全新性状,表现这些性状的植株生活力尤为衰弱。如何克服杂种幼苗的夭折尚待继续研究。
译  名：
A Preliminary Study on Distant Hybridization of Apples with pears and stone Fruits
作  者：
Ging Shih-Hsi Ting Tzun-Yong Tun Goo-Mong
摘  要：
Controlled crosses made between apple×pear(P.communis,P.serotina,P. Bretchneideri,P.ussuriensis),apple×plum,apple×cherry,apple×peach(P.pe- rsica,p.Davidii),apple×apricot,and apple×strawberry from 1953 to 1955 have proved that hybrid seeds can be obtained even between sub-families,except the strawberry.The percentage of fruit setting varied with the remoteness of the phylogenetical relation befween female and male parents,ie.apple×pear higher than apple×stone fruits.For different varieties of apple under different natural and agricultural conditions gave different results,it is suggested that in order to obtain hybrid seeds several maternal varieties should be used in two or three conti- nuous years. Seeds obtained from mixed pollination method(a limited quantity of pollen grains of an apple variety applied to the stigma 4 hours after the proceeding dis- tant cross)were most probably not true hybrid seeds.It seems necessary to length- en the time interval between the two operations of pollination. Pollination with old stigma(6 days after emasculation)reduced the percentage of fruit setting in apple×pear,and it seemed to have some positive effect in app- le×stone fruits.The percentage of fruit setting was greatly increased in appee× pear by using trees which had been prelimiuarily vegetative-approached as maternal parents,as compared with ordinary cross. The seedlings of distant hydrid,especially those individuals with parental or new characteristics,grew very feebly and soon perished with gradual.browing and drying of the root system.

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