单 位：
福建农林大学材料工程学院;植物纤维功能材料国家林业和草原局重点实验室
关键词：
竹粉;木塑复合材料;阻燃;聚丙烯;聚磷酸铵;二乙基次磷酸铝;协效作用
摘 要：
为改善竹粉/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料的阻燃性能,拓宽竹塑产品应用领域,以聚磷酸铵(APP)为阻燃剂,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(MAPP)为界面相容剂,通过熔融共混和热压方式制备竹粉/PP复合材料,研究APP用量对复合材料力学性能和阻燃性能的影响;并基于APP的较佳用量,以二乙基次磷酸铝(ADP)为协效剂,研究APP和ADP的协效阻燃性。研究结果表明:随着APP用量的增加,复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量和拉伸强度逐渐降低,缺口冲击强度有所增强,极限氧指数(LOI)有所提高;当APP用量为10%时,复合材料的力学性能较佳,LOI由17.1%提高至21.4%。当m(APP)∶m(ADP)=6∶1时,APP/ADP阻燃复合材料的静曲强度、弹性模量、拉伸强度和缺口冲击强度分别为41.47 MPa、3 206.82 MPa、18.91 MPa和7.25 k J/m2,与未阻燃复合材料(S1)相比,分别提高11.9%,12.0%,18.5%和28.1%;且LOI增大至24.5%,相比S1的增幅为43.3%。锥形量热仪结果显示,APP/ADP阻燃复合材料的热释放速率、热释放速率峰值、总热释放量和有效燃烧热分别降低了44.6%,33.8%,32.8%和17.8%; CO生成量增多,平均质量损失速率减小,残炭率增大至66.9%,复合材料的成炭作用增强,APP在气相中起到阻燃作用,ADP在凝聚相中起阻燃作用;但是燃烧400 s后,总烟产量略有增大,复合材料的持久抑烟性仍有待增强。
译 名：
Synergistic flame retardant of APP/ADP on bamboo powder/polypropylene composites
作 者：
ZHOU Xiaxing;YUAN Feng;WANG Jiahui;LIU Zijiang;QIN Xingfa;College of Material Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University;National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials;
关键词：
bamboo powder(BP);;wood plastic composites;;flame retardancy;;polypropylene(PP);;ammonium polyphosphate(APP);;aluminum diethylphosphinate(ADP);;synergistic effect
摘 要：
Bamboo powder(BP)/polypropylene(PP) composite is an environmentally friendly material with BP as the reinforcing phase and PP as the matrix.It takes full advantages of plenty bamboo resources in China and reduction of the waste pollution of plastics.However,both BP and PP are flammable,and the applications of the BP/PP composites are limited.In order to improve the flame resistance of BP/PP composites and thus broaden the composite application,the ammonium polyphosphate(APP) was used as a flame retardant,and the maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene(MAPP) was used as an interfacial compatibilizer to prepare the flame retardant composites.The effects of APP addition amounts on the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the composites were studied.Based on the optimal addition amount of APP,the new phosphorous halogen-free environmental flame retardant of aluminum diethylphosphite(ADP) was used as the synergistic agent.The BP/PP composites with the addition of different mass ratios of APP and ADP were prepared by the hot-pressing,and the synergic effect of APP and ADP was further investigated.The results showed that,with the increase of APP addition amount,the modulus of rupture(MOR),modulus of elastic(MOE),and tensile strength of the composites were decreased,but the notched impact strength(NIS) was enhanced,and the limiting oxygen index(LOI) was increased.The APP addition amount had no significant effect on LOI,the growth rate of LOI was small and the flame retardant effect was not obvious.The optimal addition amount of APP was 10%,and LOI value increased from 17.1% to 21.4%,and the composite with 10% APP addition amount was still a flammable material.When the mass ratio of APP to ADP was 6:1,the mechanical properties increased,and the MOR,MOE,tensile strength and NIS of the flame retardant composites were 41.47 MPa,3 206.82 MPa,18.91 MPa,and 7.25 kJ/m~2,respectively,which were increased by 11.9%,12.0%,18.5% and 28.1%,respectively;the LOI continued to increase to 24.5%,with a growth rate of 43.3%,compared with the control sample.Cone calorimeter results showed that the heat release rate,peak heat release rate,total heat release and effective heat of combustion of APP/ADP flame retardant composites were reduced by 44.6%,33.8%,32.8% and 17.8%,respectively.The amount of generated CO was increased,the average mass loss rate was decreased,and the residue weight was increased to 66.9%,indicating that the carbon forming effect of the flame retardant composites was improved.The APP played a flame retardant role in the gas phase,while ADP had a synergistic effect in the condensed phase.However,after 400 s of combustion,the total smoke production of the flame retardant composites increased slightly,and the long-lasting smoke suppression property still need to be enhanced.
