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当前位置: 首页 > 文章 > 京白梨与鸭梨雄配子体发育特性的比较及其花粉败育的研究 中国农业大学学报 2008,13 (4) 25-30
Position: Home > Articles > Comparison of male gametophyte development and pollen sterility of 'Jingbaili' and 'Yali' pear cultivars Journal of China Agricultural University 2008,13 (4) 25-30

京白梨与鸭梨雄配子体发育特性的比较及其花粉败育的研究

作  者：
高芳;万勤;张素丽;于兆海;胡建芳
单  位：
新疆建设兵团环境保护科学研究所;中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院
关键词：
京白梨;鸭梨;雄配子体;花粉败育;花粉萌发率;绒毡层细胞
摘  要：
探讨了京白梨花粉萌发率低的原因。用石蜡切片等技术对京白梨和鸭梨雄配子体发育以及花粉败育进行了解剖学观察。结果表明:京白梨花药大小、花药重以及每朵花中的花药数略低于鸭梨;花粉染色率两者之间差异不大,而京白梨花粉萌发率为23.19%,鸭梨为58.77%,京白梨明显低于鸭梨。京白梨和鸭梨在雄配子体发育特征方面没有显著差异,但在京白梨雄蕊发育的各个阶段都观察到了不同类型的发育异常,即不能形成正常的小孢子母细胞、花药发育异常、绒毡层细胞不退化或退化不及时、形成少花粉的花粉囊或空花粉囊等,同时在大量切片中很容易观察到绒毡层发育异常类型。据此推断京白梨雄蕊败育类型属于花药退化型和绒毡层发育异常型,并认为造成京白梨花粉萌发率低的主要原因可能是绒毡层细胞发育的异常。
译  名：
Comparison of male gametophyte development and pollen sterility of 'Jingbaili' and 'Yali' pear cultivars
作  者：
GAO Fang1,WAN Qin2,ZHANG Su-li1,YU Zhao-hai1,HU Jian-fang1 (1.College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;2.Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Research Institute of Environmental Protection,Wulumuqi 830002,China)
关键词：
Jingbaili pear cultivar(P.ussuriensis cv.Jingbaili);Yali pear cultivar(P.bretschneideri cv.Yali);male gametophytes;pollen sterility;pollen germination;tapetum cells
摘  要：
To understand the reason for the low pollen germination of Jingbaili pear(P.ussuriensis cv.Jingbaili),we studied the characteristics of anther and pollen,as well as the development of male gametophytes in Jingbaili and Yali pear(P.bretschneideri cv.Yali).cultivars.The Results showed that the size and the weight of anther and number of anthers per flower of Jingbaili pear were lower than Yali pear.The differences in stained percentage between the two cultivars were not obvious,but the germination percentage of Jingbaili pollen was much lower than Yali pear.Although most stages of stamen development in the two cultivars had little differences,different types of abnormal male gametophytes were observed from development of microsporocytes to mature-pollen grains in 'jingbaili' pear.These anomalies include formation or degeneration of microspore mother cells,non or delayed degeneration of tapetum cells,leading to formation of empty anther sacs or litter pollen grains in anther sacs.These results suggested that male sterile 'jingbaili' pear have degenerate anthers and abnormal tapetum cells.The main reason for low pollen germination was related with the abnormality of tapetum cells at the stamen developmental stage.

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